The presence of steroid hormones in lake waters causes contamination of aquatic ecosystems, which may cause endocrine alterations in the organisms that inhabit them. Moreover, many of these waters are purified and distributed to populations located around the lake; therefore, these effects could be repeated in humans who consume these waters. This study reports the presence of steroid hormone residues in the waters of the inner bay of Lake Titicaca and drinking water in the city of Puno-Perú. The Solid phase extraction method was used for sample preparation, and the analyses were developed in an HPLC-DAD system. Results show maximum concentrations of steroid hormones estrone (E1) 1.56, 17 β- estradiol (E2) 2.27, 17 α- ethinylestradiol (EE2) 13. 88 ng L-1 respectively. These concentrations vary at the different monitoring points, and their presence could cause ecotoxicological effects ...

The presence of steroid hormones in lake waters causes contamination of aquatic ecosystems, which may cause endocrine alterations in the organisms that inhabit them. Moreover, many of these waters are purified and distributed to populations located around the lake; therefore, these effects could be repeated in humans who consume these waters. This study reports the presence of steroid hormone residues in the waters of the inner bay of Lake Titicaca and drinking water in the city of Puno-Perú. The Solid phase extraction method was used for sample preparation, and the analyses were developed in an HPLC-DAD system. Results show maximum concentrations of steroid hormones estrone (E1) 1.56, 17 β- estradiol (E2) 2.27, 17 α- ethinylestradiol (EE2) 13. 88 ng L-1 respectively. These concentrations vary at the different monitoring points, and their presence could cause ecotoxicological effects ...

Lake Titicaca is an important water resource and the ecological balance of the Peruvian-Bolivian Andean plateau depends on it. At present, it is being disturbed by poor water resource management practices, which is why persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were monitored in sediments from 13 sampling stations in the Inner Bay of Lake Titicaca (Puno, Peru). The samples were lyophilized and stored at -70°C for further analysis. For the validation of the analytical method, the following parameters were considered: recovery, repetition and uncertainty of all the compounds studied. The POPs were determined by gas chromatography coupled to an electron capture detector, and the presence of β-BHC, 0.018 μg/g; o,p´-DDE, 0.0011 μg/g; dicofol 0.0065 μg/g and endosulfan sulfate 0.0061 μg/g were detected. On the other hand, PAHs were determined by liq...

Lake Titicaca is an important water resource and the ecological balance of the Peruvian-Bolivian Andean plateau depends on it. At present, it is being disturbed by poor water resource management practices, which is why persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were monitored in sediments from 13 sampling stations in the Inner Bay of Lake Titicaca (Puno, Peru). The samples were lyophilized and stored at -70°C for further analysis. For the validation of the analytical method, the following parameters were considered: recovery, repetition and uncertainty of all the compounds studied. The POPs were determined by gas chromatography coupled to an electron capture detector, and the presence of β-BHC, 0.018 μg/g; o,p´-DDE, 0.0011 μg/g; dicofol 0.0065 μg/g and endosulfan sulfate 0.0061 μg/g were detected. On the other hand, PAHs were determined by liq...

Lake Titicaca is an important water resource and the ecological balance of the Peruvian-Bolivian Andean plateau depends on it. At present, it is being disturbed by poor water resource management practices, which is why persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were monitored in sediments from 13 sampling stations in the Inner Bay of Lake Titicaca (Puno, Peru). The samples were lyophilized and stored at -70°C for further analysis. For the validation of the analytical method, the following parameters were considered: recovery, repetition and uncertainty of all the compounds studied. The POPs were determined by gas chromatography coupled to an electron capture detector, and the presence of β-BHC, 0.018 μg/g; o,p´-DDE, 0.0011 μg/g; dicofol 0.0065 μg/g and endosulfan sulfate 0.0061 μg/g were detected. On the other hand, PAHs were determined by liq...

Lake Titicaca is an important water resource and the ecological balance of the Peruvian-Bolivian Andean plateau depends on it. At present, it is being disturbed by poor water resource management practices, which is why persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were monitored in sediments from 13 sampling stations in the Inner Bay of Lake Titicaca (Puno, Peru). The samples were lyophilized and stored at -70°C for further analysis. For the validation of the analytical method, the following parameters were considered: recovery, repetition and uncertainty of all the compounds studied. The POPs were determined by gas chromatography coupled to an electron capture detector, and the presence of β-BHC, 0.018 μg/g; o,p´-DDE, 0.0011 μg/g; dicofol 0.0065 μg/g and endosulfan sulfate 0.0061 μg/g were detected. On the other hand, PAHs were determined by liq...

Due their physical end chemical properties, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been occured the contamination the environment and food chain. The consume of this products at low concentration dose represent a potential hazards to human health. The QuEChERS method was adjusted and used for the determination of 12 organochlorine pesticides (α- BHC, β - BHC, heptachlor, dicofol, endosulfan lacton, OP DDD, α - endosulfan, OP DDE, PP DDE, β - endosulfan, PP DDD, endosulfan sulfate) residues in 36 strawberries samples from three markets of the Piracicaba/ Sao Paulo – Brazil, during the period of October 2010 until September 2011. The method involved extraction with ethyl acetate, solid–liquid partition with MgSO4 and CH3COONa followed by dSPE clean up with PSA sorbent. Analyses were carried out with GC–µECD equipment. A HP-5 30 m x 0.32mm x 0.25 µm column was used. The method wa...

Due their physical end chemical properties, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been occured the contamination the environment and food chain. The consume of this products at low concentration dose represent a potential hazards to human health. The QuEChERS method was adjusted and used for the determination of 12 organochlorine pesticides (α- BHC, β - BHC, heptachlor, dicofol, endosulfan lacton, OP DDD, α - endosulfan, OP DDE, PP DDE, β - endosulfan, PP DDD, endosulfan sulfate) residues in 36 strawberries samples from three markets of the Piracicaba/ Sao Paulo – Brazil, during the period of October 2010 until September 2011. The method involved extraction with ethyl acetate, solid–liquid partition with MgSO4 and CH3COONa followed by dSPE clean up with PSA sorbent. Analyses were carried out with GC–µECD equipment. A HP-5 30 m x 0.32mm x 0.25 µm column was used. The method wa...

The need to increase food production in the world is creating more extensive agricultural systems, featured by large scales of production, where the control of pest and weeds are made through the application of chemical products. Many of them belong to a technological package that is the case of glyphosate in the cultivation of transgenic soy; given its high efficiency in the control of invasive plants, however, residues of this product can contaminate several compartments of the ecosystem, the aquatic ecosystem being the most affected. Therefore, several adverse effects of this compound will be addressed to organisms that inhabit this ecosystem.

The need to increase food production in the world is creating more extensive agricultural systems, featured by large scales of production, where the control of pest and weeds are made through the application of chemical products. Many of them belong to a technological package that is the case of glyphosate in the cultivation of transgenic soy; given its high efficiency in the control of invasive plants, however, residues of this product can contaminate several compartments of the ecosystem, the aquatic ecosystem being the most affected. Therefore, several adverse effects of this compound will be addressed to organisms that inhabit this ecosystem.

The need to increase food production in the world is creating more extensive agricultural systems, featured by large scales of production, where the control of pest and weeds are made through the application of chemical products. Many of them belong to a technological package that is the case of glyphosate in the cultivation of transgenic soy; given its high efficiency in the control of invasive plants, however, residues of this product can contaminate several compartments of the ecosystem, the aquatic ecosystem being the most affected. Therefore, several adverse effects of this compound will be addressed to organisms that inhabit this ecosystem.

The need to increase food production in the world is creating more extensive agricultural systems, featured by large scales of production, where the control of pest and weeds are made through the application of chemical products. Many of them belong to a technological package that is the case of glyphosate in the cultivation of transgenic soy; given its high efficiency in the control of invasive plants, however, residues of this product can contaminate several compartments of the ecosystem, the aquatic ecosystem being the most affected. Therefore, several adverse effects of this compound will be addressed to organisms that inhabit this ecosystem.

It is proposed in this research  Synthetic Indicators generation on Sustainable Development Peru - 2015, through  Factorial Analysis application  - Main components method  in order to reduce the dimensionality from a set of sustainable development indicators to a set of compound Independent factors. The research design was strategic quantitative, non - experimental, cross – sectional,  correlational, and the  data collection technique was from secondary and documentary sources, using  INEI - Peru National Decision - Making System  and the National System database Of Peruvian Environmental Information - in order to obtain the eight indicators considered in this study. Data processing and analysis were performed using SPSS v. 23 and EXCEL which allowed obtaining the correlation matrix, main components,  rotated main components, and the weight ...

It is proposed in this research  Synthetic Indicators generation on Sustainable Development Peru - 2015, through  Factorial Analysis application  - Main components method  in order to reduce the dimensionality from a set of sustainable development indicators to a set of compound Independent factors. The research design was strategic quantitative, non - experimental, cross – sectional,  correlational, and the  data collection technique was from secondary and documentary sources, using  INEI - Peru National Decision - Making System  and the National System database Of Peruvian Environmental Information - in order to obtain the eight indicators considered in this study. Data processing and analysis were performed using SPSS v. 23 and EXCEL which allowed obtaining the correlation matrix, main components,  rotated main components, and the weight ...

Due their physical end chemical properties, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been occured the contamination the environment and food chain. The consume of this products at low concentration dose represent a potential hazards to human health. The QuEChERS method was adjusted and used for the determination of 12 organochlorine pesticides (α- BHC, β - BHC, heptachlor, dicofol, endosulfan lacton, OP DDD, α - endosulfan, OP DDE, PP DDE, β - endosulfan, PP DDD, endosulfan sulfate) residues in 36 strawberries samples from three markets of the Piracicaba/ Sao Paulo – Brazil, during the period of October 2010 until September 2011. The method involved extraction with ethyl acetate, solid–liquid partition with MgSO4 and CH3COONa followed by dSPE clean up with PSA sorbent. Analyses were carried out with GC–µECD equipment. A HP-5 30 m x 0.32mm x 0.25 µm column was used. The method wa...

Due their physical end chemical properties, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been occured the contamination the environment and food chain. The consume of this products at low concentration dose represent a potential hazards to human health. The QuEChERS method was adjusted and used for the determination of 12 organochlorine pesticides (α- BHC, β - BHC, heptachlor, dicofol, endosulfan lacton, OP DDD, α - endosulfan, OP DDE, PP DDE, β - endosulfan, PP DDD, endosulfan sulfate) residues in 36 strawberries samples from three markets of the Piracicaba/ Sao Paulo – Brazil, during the period of October 2010 until September 2011. The method involved extraction with ethyl acetate, solid–liquid partition with MgSO4 and CH3COONa followed by dSPE clean up with PSA sorbent. Analyses were carried out with GC–µECD equipment. A HP-5 30 m x 0.32mm x 0.25 µm column was used. The method wa...

It is proposed in this research  Synthetic Indicators generation on Sustainable Development Peru - 2015, through  Factorial Analysis application  - Main components method  in order to reduce the dimensionality from a set of sustainable development indicators to a set of compound Independent factors. The research design was strategic quantitative, non - experimental, cross – sectional,  correlational, and the  data collection technique was from secondary and documentary sources, using  INEI - Peru National Decision - Making System  and the National System database Of Peruvian Environmental Information - in order to obtain the eight indicators considered in this study. Data processing and analysis were performed using SPSS v. 23 and EXCEL which allowed obtaining the correlation matrix, main components,  rotated main components, and the weight ...

It is proposed in this research  Synthetic Indicators generation on Sustainable Development Peru - 2015, through  Factorial Analysis application  - Main components method  in order to reduce the dimensionality from a set of sustainable development indicators to a set of compound Independent factors. The research design was strategic quantitative, non - experimental, cross – sectional,  correlational, and the  data collection technique was from secondary and documentary sources, using  INEI - Peru National Decision - Making System  and the National System database Of Peruvian Environmental Information - in order to obtain the eight indicators considered in this study. Data processing and analysis were performed using SPSS v. 23 and EXCEL which allowed obtaining the correlation matrix, main components,  rotated main components, and the weight ...

Due to its extensive use in various livestock production activities and its use in human health care, antibiotics have become an environmental problem that draws the attention of the scientific community. Several research works report their presence in different ecosystems compartments, as well as their impact in organisms that inhabit these ecosystems which are being investigated by this community; until now, it has been reported problems of bacterial resistance and damages at DNA level in living beings, among others; in this perspective it is necessary to perform monitoring in various environmental matrixes, in order to detect and quantify their presence, to have a better understanding of their long-term effects on living beings. In this sense, it addresses aspects that determine their presence in the ecosystem, as well as shows results of works evaluating their removal of contaminated...

Due to its extensive use in various livestock production activities and its use in human health care, antibiotics have become an environmental problem that draws the attention of the scientific community. Several research works report their presence in different ecosystems compartments, as well as their impact in organisms that inhabit these ecosystems which are being investigated by this community; until now, it has been reported problems of bacterial resistance and damages at DNA level in living beings, among others; in this perspective it is necessary to perform monitoring in various environmental matrixes, in order to detect and quantify their presence, to have a better understanding of their long-term effects on living beings. In this sense, it addresses aspects that determine their presence in the ecosystem, as well as shows results of works evaluating their removal of contaminated...