This article of reflection, on the pre-Hispanic settlement of San Lorenzo (500 A.D. and 950 A.D.), located in the lower sector of the coastal desert Valley of Azapa, in Arica- Chile, in which evidence of Tiwanaku influences. It is postulated that there was a preHispanic planning process in it, which was maintaining architectures from other periods in the same place, in turn strongly related to the components of its natural, morphological and ecosystem landscape. A survey of different types of mortars used in their development is carried out declaring different stages of their planning. It is reviewed how the elements of the natural and cultural landscape influenced the planning of the town, in addition to the value it had in the construction of the place, an analysis is carried out based on the architectural observation of the field, reading existing cartographies, architectural surveys ...

This study begins with a field visit and starts from the beginning, that recording is another way to conserve, pursues the hypothesis that in a limited space in the foothills of the Arica and Parinacota region, there are several urban and territorial mobility systems at different speeds, cultures and times, having in common the pre-Andean landscape of the Andes that welcomes them and the fact that it is in full force to date, highlights the importance and characteristics of the Qhapaq Ñan (main road), an international highway that joins Chile and Bolivia, and an airfield in the same area crossing the discussion of the "Heritage", on the good, investigating the theory of monuments, arriving at new expansions of the concept. A qualitative methodology is used within the interpretive paradigm on a territorial scale, and it is concluded with a record of high technological resolution, deliver...

This article of reflection, on the pre-Hispanic settlement of San Lorenzo (500 A.D. and 950 A.D.), located in the lower sector of the coastal desert Valley of Azapa, in Arica- Chile, in which evidence of Tiwanaku influences. It is postulated that there was a preHispanic planning process in it, which was maintaining architectures from other periods in the same place, in turn strongly related to the components of its natural, morphological and ecosystem landscape. A survey of different types of mortars used in their development is carried out declaring different stages of their planning. It is reviewed how the elements of the natural and cultural landscape influenced the planning of the town, in addition to the value it had in the construction of the place, an analysis is carried out based on the architectural observation of the field, reading existing cartographies, architectural surveys ...

This study begins with a field visit and starts from the beginning, that recording is another way to conserve, pursues the hypothesis that in a limited space in the foothills of the Arica and Parinacota region, there are several urban and territorial mobility systems at different speeds, cultures and times, having in common the pre-Andean landscape of the Andes that welcomes them and the fact that it is in full force to date, highlights the importance and characteristics of the Qhapaq Ñan (main road), an international highway that joins Chile and Bolivia, and an airfield in the same area crossing the discussion of the "Heritage", on the good, investigating the theory of monuments, arriving at new expansions of the concept. A qualitative methodology is used within the interpretive paradigm on a territorial scale, and it is concluded with a record of high technological resolution, deliver...

The present study on the so-called semi-buried temple of the pre- Hispanic settlement (600 - 750 BCE) located in the district of Torata, a rural area on the upper plateau of Cerro Baúl, Moquegua- Perú, in the western sector , proposes the hypothesis that this set of two spaces is built from its geographical enclave where it is located, developing a way of inhabiting the pre-Hispanic ceremonial landscape in Cerro Baúl from the relationships with its natural environment and the stars, specifically the sun. which is culturalized and conceptually built in this architectural complex, giving it a domicile and cultural, programmatic meaning in the desert landscape of today's southern Peru. The architectural and territorial scale serves to contain a technical framework, with a focus on the design and planning of the layout, applying a reconstructive and perceptual analytical method, within th...

The earthquake and tsunami of 1868, on the coast of the South Pacific caused the disappearance of the city of Arica in Peruvian territory. Faced with this situation, the government of President José Balta decrees a policy plan for the reconstruction and reactivation of the city due to its geopolitical importance for the traffic of goods from southern Peru and Bolivia. The project is entrusted to the French office Eiffel et Cie, which traces an industrial project, the proposal for a modern regular layout burst with the dense irregular layout of the pre-existing city, this also included the new steam mobility systems of the Railway era and Port. A historical reconstructive method is applied, some results of the tools are exposed: mapping, interviews, photographic observation sheets, planimetric and aero-photogrammetric surveys. As a result, a spatial theoretical interpretation is obtained...

El presente estudio, reconstruye e interpreta, como se dio el crecimiento de la forma de la ciudad de Arica durante el período del Puerto Libre y la Junta de Adelanto (1953-1976), identificando la prolífera industria de piezas urbanas, la construcción de sus entornos y su relación con la ciudad, entre otros, su ubicación en el desarrollo y crecimiento, clarificando el proyecto de ciudad moderna, desde las concepciones de pieza urbana. Se utilizó una metodología analítica, reconstructiva, tanto por el crecimiento sostenido de la ciudad que, en 1952, con 20.000 habitantes en una superficie urbana de 125,02 hectáreas, distribuidas en 143 manzanas, paso en 1970 a tener una población de 87.800 habitantes, en una superficie urbana de 767,65 hectáreas, distribuidas en 1.198 manzanas, estamos hablando de solo 18 años. Esto sucedió en parte, debido a las políticas de desarrollo espe...

The earthquake and tsunami of 1868, on the coast of the South Pacific caused the disappearance of the city of Arica in Peruvian territory. Faced with this situation, the government of President José Balta decrees a policy plan for the reconstruction and reactivation of the city due to its geopolitical importance for the traffic of goods from southern Peru and Bolivia. The project is entrusted to the French office Eiffel et Cie, which traces an industrial project, the proposal for a modern regular layout burst with the dense irregular layout of the pre-existing city, this also included the new steam mobility systems of the Railway era and Port. A historical reconstructive method is applied, some results of the tools are exposed: mapping, interviews, photographic observation sheets, planimetric and aero-photogrammetric surveys. As a result, a spatial theoretical interpretation is obtained...

Understanding the evolution of the coastal edge in a port city in northern Chile and southern Peru and its influence on its urban form, in the absence of periodic and comparable graphic material, requires the confluence of documentary background, stories, drawings and images, which allow us to virtually reconstruct the past and with it its patterns and evolution. This text is framed within the interpretive paradigm, through a digital historical reconstruction with graphic and cartographic interpretations in order to investigate the constructive actions since the time of the Peruvian government, which today underlie the urban structure of the port city of Arica, trying to explain its procedures, forms and spaces, with project actions that supported it and can serve as a necessary background in the planning and future development of the city-port.

This study aims to analyse the impact of Social Media Marketing in Customer Brand Engagement and Brand Awareness micro-learning platforms. The sample consisted of 220 students from micro-learning platforms using social media in the educational institutions. Because social-media marketing and customer brand- engagement are second-order reflexive constructions, the two-stage approach of hierarchical models with mode-A was adopted. The results reveal that social media marketing influences both the building of customer brand engagement and brand awareness among students on micro-learning platforms. Furthermore, it was shown that customer brand engagement is an important mediator between social media marketing and brand awareness. Social-media marketing activities carried out by micro-learning platforms contribute to the generation of customer brand-engagement and brand awareness of these ins...