Economic theory indicates that energy consumption is a demand derived from the consumption of electrical appliances from which short-term and long-term demand can be derived. From these two approximations two basic models are derived to estimate the electric power demand of the families.

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This article analyzes the Peruvian economy’s evolution during 1994 and its prospects for the next two years. Concerning 1994, according to the main economic indicators, we find that the country grew for the second consecutive year and reduced its inflation level. This result was influenced by two factors: the increase of domestic interest rate in foreign currency’s and the considerable income from privatization. As for the projections for 1995-1996, it was found that inflation (7-8% annual growth) and economic growth (7% annual growth) would be manageable as long as the assumptions about public expenditure, privatization revenues, and capital flows during the period were met. However, these same elements threaten the exchange rate, a central problem for the medium-term economic program’s viability. Also of concern is the dependence on foreign savings and the low level of domestic s...

One of the most current Issues in the economic debate is that of the productive vocation of the country: to achieve development based on the exploitation of natural resources or industrialization; however the basis of the chosen option is usually more theoretical than empirical. This work seeks to establish the relationships between “primarization” industrialization and living standards in Peru between 1950 and 1997 based on the available economic information. Its main conclusion is that in that period in Peru there was an inverse relationship between the “primarization” of economic activities and the standard of living or income of the population. For each additional point of participation in extractive or primary activities per capita consumption worsened by 2.6% salaries by 5.4% and salaries by 7.4%. On the contrary for each additional percentage point of the manufacturing sec...

Evalúa el impacto de la eliminación de la exoneración del IGV al servicio de transporte terrestre interprovincial de pasajeros –medida dispuesta en el 2003– a partir del análisis de la carga tributaria de las empresas del sector y el desarrollo de una simulación. Encuentra que, dadas las características de este mercado, en el que coexisten operadores formales e informales, las empresas formales asumirían el íntegro deI IGV, hecho que no sólo reduciría sensiblemente su rentabilidad y las expondría a una situación crítica, sino que perjudicaría también a los usuarios, cuya demanda se dirigiría a las empresas informales, con la consiguiente pérdida de calidad y seguridad en el servicio. Más aún, el propio Estado lograría un efecto contrario al deseado, ya que la recaudación fiscal sería menor a la que obtenía cuando estaba vigente la exoneración. Cabe señalar qu...

This study evaluates the impact of the elimination of the exemption of the IGV to the interprovincial passenger land transport service -measure provided in 2003- based on the analysis of the tax burden of the companies in the sector and the development of a simulation. It finds that, given the characteristics of this market, in which both formal and informal operators coexist, formal companies would assume the full IGV, a fact that would not only significantly reduce their profitability and expose them to a critical situation but would also harm the users, whose demand would be directed to informal companies, with the consequent loss of quality and security in the service. Moreover, the State itself would achieve an effect contrary to the desired one, since the tax collection would be less than what is obtained when the exoneration was in force. It should be noted that, before one year h...