El artículo no presenta resumen.

El artículo no presenta resumen.

It analyzes the various sales modalities raised in view of the privatization of the state oil company, Petroperú, mainly the modality of subdivision into independent businesses proposed by the Special Committee for the Promotion of Private Investment (Cepri) of this company. It finds that, apparently, the oil industry needs to operate vertically integrated; however, this possibility must be determined based on the market, the interlinking between the parties and the objectives to be achieved for the benefit of the country. On the other hand, the plan presented by Cepri combines transfer of ownership, strategic alliances with oil operators, concession and license mechanisms, but it would also establish the obligatory of a series of long-term contracts and regulatory mechanisms that would replace the internal transactions of an integrated system. Other options that could generate positive...

This article analyzes the Peruvian economy’s evolution during 1994 and its prospects for the next two years. Concerning 1994, according to the main economic indicators, we find that the country grew for the second consecutive year and reduced its inflation level. This result was influenced by two factors: the increase of domestic interest rate in foreign currency’s and the considerable income from privatization. As for the projections for 1995-1996, it was found that inflation (7-8% annual growth) and economic growth (7% annual growth) would be manageable as long as the assumptions about public expenditure, privatization revenues, and capital flows during the period were met. However, these same elements threaten the exchange rate, a central problem for the medium-term economic program’s viability. Also of concern is the dependence on foreign savings and the low level of domestic s...

This study evaluates the impact of the elimination of the exemption of the IGV to the interprovincial passenger land transport service -measure provided in 2003- based on the analysis of the tax burden of the companies in the sector and the development of a simulation. It finds that, given the characteristics of this market, in which both formal and informal operators coexist, formal companies would assume the full IGV, a fact that would not only significantly reduce their profitability and expose them to a critical situation but would also harm the users, whose demand would be directed to informal companies, with the consequent loss of quality and security in the service. Moreover, the State itself would achieve an effect contrary to the desired one, since the tax collection would be less than what is obtained when the exoneration was in force. It should be noted that, before one year h...

One of the most current Issues in the economic debate is that of the productive vocation of the country: to achieve development based on the exploitation of natural resources or industrialization; however the basis of the chosen option is usually more theoretical than empirical. This work seeks to establish the relationships between “primarization” industrialization and living standards in Peru between 1950 and 1997 based on the available economic information. Its main conclusion is that in that period in Peru there was an inverse relationship between the “primarization” of economic activities and the standard of living or income of the population. For each additional point of participation in extractive or primary activities per capita consumption worsened by 2.6% salaries by 5.4% and salaries by 7.4%. On the contrary for each additional percentage point of the manufacturing sec...

A country’s technological specialization in trade and how this fits into its fabric of economic activitiesusually sheds light on its capacities and capabilities to create added value and increase sustained productivity. Incontrast to what has happened in Korea, China, Colombia and Mexico during the last 30 years, this study dem-onstrates empirically that Peru has been buying higher quality goods but selling the same low-quality type of goods. To change the technological structure of its foreign trade, Peru must assure that market and investmentforces work together under an economic strategy that prioritizes value creation, builds on local strengths, ex-pands capacities and increases national productivity and competitiveness. Some major lines of action to achievethese objectives are reviewed in this article. The economic experience and policies of other countries, such asthose analyzed ...

This paper offers a panoramic evaluation of consumer protection in Peru up to the middle of 2010. It describes major consumer protection and related laws and analyzes some of its fundamental constraints in its implementation, basically: the imposition of the criteria of "diligent" consumer, the resistance to observe consumer protection norms related to general and abusive contractual clauses, impunity against junk and garbage goods and dangerous products, abandonment of protection of weights and measures in the market, lack of instruments and laboratories to analyze innocuousness of goods and services, passiveness in procedures and execution of resolutions in the informal sector, lack of sanctions for business exploitative conducts and abusive prices, and the predominance of intellectual property interests above those of the consumers. Surprisingly, the paper finds that there is not a cl...

In this paper we show the balance of knowledge deficit in Peru compared to the surplus of its trade balance and the necessity to transform the structure and technological coefficients of exports to close this knowledge gap. We analyze major economic policies that could help in closing the gap, especially industrial and technological innovation policies, rethinking intellectual property rights and impelling the forces that propagate the economic system as a whole. “Openness” and the “good management of macroeconomic fundamentals” are necessary but not sufficient conditions to transform the economy, which for better performance need the strategic “will and wit” of adding value and a better balance between external and national interests.

Evalúa el impacto de la eliminación de la exoneración del IGV al servicio de transporte terrestre interprovincial de pasajeros –medida dispuesta en el 2003– a partir del análisis de la carga tributaria de las empresas del sector y el desarrollo de una simulación. Encuentra que, dadas las características de este mercado, en el que coexisten operadores formales e informales, las empresas formales asumirían el íntegro deI IGV, hecho que no sólo reduciría sensiblemente su rentabilidad y las expondría a una situación crítica, sino que perjudicaría también a los usuarios, cuya demanda se dirigiría a las empresas informales, con la consiguiente pérdida de calidad y seguridad en el servicio. Más aún, el propio Estado lograría un efecto contrario al deseado, ya que la recaudación fiscal sería menor a la que obtenía cuando estaba vigente la exoneración. Cabe señalar qu...

El artículo no presenta resumen.