Objective: To determine the risk factors for extubation failure in the intensive care unit. Methods: The present case-control study was conducted in an intensive care unit. Failed extubations were used as cases, while successful extubations were used as controls. Extubation failure was defined as reintubation being required within the first 48 hours of extubation. Results: Out of a total of 956 patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit, 826 were subjected to mechanical ventilation (86%). There were 30 failed extubations and 120 successful extubations. The proportion of failed extubations was 5.32%. The risk factors found for failed extubations were a prolonged length of mechanical ventilation of greater than 7 days (OR = 3.84, 95%CI = 1.01 - 14.56, p = 0.04), time in the intensive care unit (OR = 1.04, 95%CI = 1.00 - 1.09, p = 0.03) and the use of sedatives for longer than 5 ...

El presente estudio de casos y controles se llevó a cabo en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño 2011 – 2015. Se tomó como casos a las extubaciones fallidas y como controles a las extubaciones exitosas. El fracaso de la extubación se definió como la reintubación dentro de las primeras 48 horas. De un total de 956 pacientes que fueron admitidos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, 826 fueron sometidos a ventilación mecánica (86%). Se presentaron 30 extubaciones fallidas (EF) y 120 extubaciones exitosas (EE). La proporción de EF fue de 5.32%. Los factores de riesgo encontrados para EF fueron la estancia prolongada de VM mayor a 7 días (OR=3,84; IC= 1,01–14,56; p=0,04), el tiempo en UCI (OR=1,04; IC=1,00-1,09; p=0,03) y el uso de sedantes mayor a 5 días (OR=4,81; IC=1,28-18,02; p=0,02). Los pacientes pediátricos en ventilación mecánica ...