El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la funcionalidad de la membrana plasmática de espermatozoides criopreservados de verraco en muestras con diferentes porcentajes de gametos viables. Se utilizaron 15 eyaculados en cuatro tratamientos con 100, 75, 50 y 25% de espermatozoides viables. Previo a la criopreservación los espermatozoides se incubaron durante 24 h. Cada tratamiento se diluyó en TRISY (Tris con yema de huevo) y los espermatozoides se almacenaron a 5 ºC. Luego, se utilizó TRIS-Y-G-E (Tris con yema de huevo-glicerol-Equex) para la dilución y se envasaron en pajillas de 0.5 mL. Se congelaron en forma manual en nitrógeno líquido en dos etapas de temperatura. La descongelación de las pajillas se hizo a 37 ºC durante 20 s. La funcionalidad espermática fue evaluada pos-descongelación (30 y 150 min), utilizando [Merocianina 540 (M540) y Yo-Pro-1] en muestras inc...

Friar Diego Cisneros (1737-1812) was a Hieronymite monk at El Escorial and librarian at the Royal Spanish Library. In 1772 he went to Peru as auditor of the rents of some encomiendas granted by Philip IV of Spain to a monastery in payment for prayers, a system that the king himself had created, he was also in charge of the sale of liturgical books called Nuevo Rezado (New forms of prayer). For his broad cultural background and open mind he soon made contact with the intellectuals of Lima and became a member of the Society of True patriots which edited a magazine called Mercurio Peruano (Peruvian Mercury) which was an important cultural project is the last decade of the eighteenth century.

The Cortes of Cádiz ordered on 18 March 1812 that the Constitution were adopted in all the territories subject to the Spanish Crown, and the process for its proclamation were established. We study in this article how the constitution was received and adopted in Lima and finally along the territory of the Viceroyalty of Peru.

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the frame rate on different depths of the sperm counting chamber in boar semen and to analyse the distribution of sperm in the longitudinal fields of the counting chamber. A semen sample was collected from ten 2–3-year-old Pietrain boars. Eight sperm kinetic parameters were determined using the CASA (Computer-assisted semen analysis) -Mot (ISAS®v1) system. ISAS®D4C cameras with depths of 10, 16 and 20 μm were used at an image capture rate of 25, 40 and 60 frames per second (fps). Chamber depth affected the sperm kinetic variables, obtaining higher values at 20 µm. The frame rate (FR) presented a positive relationship with the kinetic parameters, obtaining higher values at 60 fps, except for the amplitude of the lateral displacement of the head (ALH), which presented opposite values. The variable most sensitive to the change in FR ...