Avian Infectious Bronchitis (IAB) is a viral disease that generates great economic losses in the poultry industry. Due to its structural components and particular immunogenic characteristics, the IB virus, the chicken coronavirus (Gallus gallus), has generated a great challenge for its control, given the emergence of different genotypes with global distribution with changing clinical manifestations. This has generated interest in the study and analysis of the dynamics of the phylogenetic evolution of the virus, as well as the impact on immunological activity, requiring the development of new vaccine strains based on the high variability of the S1 gene portion 1. In the present review, updated information on the phylogenetic evolution of IAV was compiled and the impact on the immunogenic response in poultry production systems is analysed.

This review presents the main requirements for measuring multimodal welfare indicators in production animals, from production parameters to physiological parameters, categorized as noninvasive indicators and invasive indicators. It is intended to generate a collection of ideas so that the researcher, in accordance with the limitations, conditions and scope of its resources, evaluate animal welfare for academic purposes, research and optimization of the production and marketing of the final products in a livestock production system.

This review presents the main requirements for measuring multimodal welfare indicators in production animals, from production parameters to physiological parameters, categorized as noninvasive indicators and invasive indicators. It is intended to generate a collection of ideas so that the researcher, in accordance with the limitations, conditions and scope of its resources, evaluate animal welfare for academic purposes, research and optimization of the production and marketing of the final products in a livestock production system.