The study of reproductive diseases is of great importance for clinical and medical approach. The aim of this article was to conduct a literature search on the grounds and considerations of canine endometrial pathology, with emphasis on endometrial cystic hyperplasia and pyometra, seeking support or refute the established concept or dogma, about the existing conditionality between them, which has been called cystic endometrial hyperplasia pyometra complex. According to the evidence, it is noted that there are two types of common uterine lesions in the bitch, that may occur independently: changes in growth pattern (hyperplasia) and inflammatory/infectious disorders (endometritispyometra). In the pathogenesis of both entities the role of progesterone, while generating cellular and molecular changes in the uterine epithelium, is indisputable.

The purpose of the study was to describe and quantify cytological findings in the cat’s endometrium (Felis catus). Twenty genital tracts were obtained by ovariohysterectomy. To establish the status of the estrous cycle, vaginal cytology was evaluated and ovarian structures were recorded, resulting that all females were in the luteal phase. According to the presence of corpora lutea and follicles, a classification of the luteal phase was proposed: early diestrus: corpora lutea and follicles of 2 mm (n=3), mid-diestrus: corpora lutea without follicles (n= 4), and late diestrus: corpora lutea and follicles 0.5-1 mm (n=13). In the smears of the uterine mucosa, morphological patterns comparable to those described in the canine species were observed, emphasizing that it is possible to verify a decrease in the proportion of normal endometrial epithelial cells and an increase in cellular degen...

Se describe el uso de un protocolo abreviado para la interrupción de gestación en perras, mediante la administración subcutánea de cloprostenol en 4 dosis de 1 µg/kg cada 12 horas y 4 dosis de 2 µg/kg cada 12 horas a 10 perras de 2-5 años, con gestaciones de 25-30 días. El diagnóstico de gestación, la estimación de edad gestacional y la confirmación de la interrupción de gestación se realizaron mediante exámenes ecográficos. Los resultados indicaron que la interrupción de gestación se observó como reabsorción, posterior a la sexta administración en cinco hembras con gestaciones entre 25 y 27 días y como aborto en las otras cinco hembras con gestaciones entre 28 y 30 días posterior a la séptima administración de cloprostenol. En todos los casos se observó presencia de efectos colaterales transitorios como salivación, jadeo y vómito. Se concluyó que el tratamie...

In order to compare the effect of two types of seminal extenders, physiological saline (PS) and skim-milk (SM), on the functionality of canine spermatozoa in fresh semen subjected to a thermo-resistance test (TRT), 15 ejaculates were obtained by manual massage on the caudal portion of the bulb of the glans penis. Fifteen males, clinically healthy, of different small and medium breeds were used, all with proven fertility. The second fraction of each ejaculate was collected. The seminal evaluation considered progressive motility (PM) and membrane functionality with a simplified hypoosmotic test (HOST-s). Then, from each ejaculate, aliquots of 100 μl of semen were taken to be diluted in 200 μl of PS and SM respectively and then incubated at 38 °C for 30 minutes (TRT). As control, 300 μl of undiluted fresh semen was incubated. Next, PM and HOSTs were evaluated. The PM in the fresh semen ...

            Considering reproductive health as an important component of animal welfare in dogs, the purpose of this study was to characterize and compare some reproductive health parameters in 30 intact English Bulldog, clinically healthy, distributed in two age groups: A, 1-4 years (n = 15) and B: ≥5 years (n = 15). The evaluation was carried out through a reproductive physical examination and testicular and prostate ultrasonographic examination. The average age of groups A and B was 2.19 ± 1.08 years and 7.31 ± 3.12 years, respectively. In total, 16.6% of the specimens presented urethral prolapse without differences by age group. The frequencies of asymmetry and testicular flaccidity were 0.06 in both groups. The ultrasonographic evaluation showed a higher frequency of alterations of the testicular parenchyma, especially heter...

Perinatology is understood as the scientific discipline, a branch of obstetrics and pediatrics, which deals with promoting the health of the mother, foetus and new-born during the perinatal period, as well as the clinical study, diagnosis, treatment and research of their diseases. In the canine species (Canis lupus familiaris) the perinatal period is defined as the phase from the last stage of intrauterine foetal development to the end of the neonatal period. There are significant losses in the perinatal period due to mortality, which has led to important advances in knowledge about gestation, delivery, assessment of foetal maturity, prognosis of delivery, caesarean section planning and new-born assessment. In this context, perinatology is an area of canine medicine which is experiencing increasing demand. From a professional perspective, this is challenging in terms of promoting science...

The case of a 2.5-year-old Dogue de Bordeaux dog brought for consultation due to abundant mucosanguineous vaginal discharge around three weeks after oestrous. At the time of the examination, systemic compromise with fever, dehydration and decay was observed. The gynaecological examination revealed diestrous state (progesterone >10 ng/ml), vaginal cytology with abundant mucus, cellular detritus, and few neutrophils. Ultrasonographically, a distended, saccular uterus with abundant anechoic content was observed. The systemic condition was treated with analgesics and anti-inflammatories (Metamizole, Ketoprofen, Tramadol), and antibiotic therapy (Enrofloxacin) for 7 days. A therapy was established based on Aglepristone, two administrations every 24 h and Cloprostenol, three administrations every 24 h, achieving remission of the condition in one week. The background, evidence and analysis o...

The study of reproductive diseases is of great importance for clinical and medical approach. The aim of this article was to conduct a literature search on the grounds and considerations of canine endometrial pathology, with emphasis on endometrial cystic hyperplasia and pyometra, seeking support or refute the established concept or dogma, about the existing conditionality between them, which has been called cystic endometrial hyperplasia pyometra complex. According to the evidence, it is noted that there are two types of common uterine lesions in the bitch, that may occur independently: changes in growth pattern (hyperplasia) and inflammatory/infectious disorders (endometritispyometra). In the pathogenesis of both entities the role of progesterone, while generating cellular and molecular changes in the uterine epithelium, is indisputable.

La gestación en la perra transcurre entre la fecundación y el parto, y su duración tiene importancia clínica. La compleja biología de los gametos y embriones influye en la duración de la gestación, cuyo lapso fisiológico fluctúa entre los 57 y 70 días. Este amplio rango puede estar influenciado por los métodos referenciales para la estimación del inicio de la gestación. El realizar montas o inseminaciones en base a detección de la ovulación permite estrechar el rango a 62 a 64 días. Una condición de alto impacto obstétrico es la gestación de un solo cachorro, la cual es más prolongada y representa alto riesgo de distocia. Dada la importancia clínica de una adecuada proyección de la duración de la gestación y de la predicción de la fecha de parto, se han desarrollado fórmulas matemáticas para el cálculo de la edad fetal y tiempo al parto a través de la sistema...

Se describe el uso de un protocolo abreviado para la interrupción de gestación en perras, mediante la administración subcutánea de cloprostenol en 4 dosis de 1 µg/kg cada 12 horas y 4 dosis de 2 µg/kg cada 12 horas a 10 perras de 2-5 años, con gestaciones de 25-30 días. El diagnóstico de gestación, la estimación de edad gestacional y la confirmación de la interrupción de gestación se realizaron mediante exámenes ecográficos. Los resultados indicaron que la interrupción de gestación se observó como reabsorción, posterior a la sexta administración en cinco hembras con gestaciones entre 25 y 27 días y como aborto en las otras cinco hembras con gestaciones entre 28 y 30 días posterior a la séptima administración de cloprostenol. En todos los casos se observó presencia de efectos colaterales transitorios como salivación, jadeo y vómito. Se concluyó que el tratamie...

Con el propósito de comparar el efecto de dos tipos de diluyentes seminales, suero fisiológico (SF) y leche descremada (LD), sobre la funcionalidad de espermatozoides caninos en semen fresco sometidos a una prueba termorresistencia (PTR), se obtuvieron 15 eyaculados mediante la técnica de masaje manual sobre la porción caudal del bulbo del glande. Se utilizaron 15 machos, clínicamente sanos, de razas pequeñas y medianas, todos con fertilidad probada. Se recolectó la segunda fracción de cada eyaculado. La evaluación seminal consideró motilidad progresiva (MP) y funcionalidad de membrana con una prueba hipoosmótica simplificada (HOST-s). Se tomaron alícuotas de 100 μl de semen de cada eyaculado para ser diluidas en 200 μl de SF o LD, respectivamente, y luego incubadas a 38 °C durante 30 minutos (PTR). Como control se incubaron 300 μl de semen sin diluir. A continuación, se...

            Considering reproductive health as an important component of animal welfare in dogs, the purpose of this study was to characterize and compare some reproductive health parameters in 30 intact English Bulldog, clinically healthy, distributed in two age groups: A, 1-4 years (n = 15) and B: ≥5 years (n = 15). The evaluation was carried out through a reproductive physical examination and testicular and prostate ultrasonographic examination. The average age of groups A and B was 2.19 ± 1.08 years and 7.31 ± 3.12 years, respectively. In total, 16.6% of the specimens presented urethral prolapse without differences by age group. The frequencies of asymmetry and testicular flaccidity were 0.06 in both groups. The ultrasonographic evaluation showed a higher frequency of alterations of the testicular parenchyma, especially heter...

Perinatology is understood as the scientific discipline, a branch of obstetrics and pediatrics, which deals with promoting the health of the mother, foetus and new-born during the perinatal period, as well as the clinical study, diagnosis, treatment and research of their diseases. In the canine species (Canis lupus familiaris) the perinatal period is defined as the phase from the last stage of intrauterine foetal development to the end of the neonatal period. There are significant losses in the perinatal period due to mortality, which has led to important advances in knowledge about gestation, delivery, assessment of foetal maturity, prognosis of delivery, caesarean section planning and new-born assessment. In this context, perinatology is an area of canine medicine which is experiencing increasing demand. From a professional perspective, this is challenging in terms of promoting science...

The case of a 15-month-old Alaskan Malamute bitch, presented for purulent vaginal discharge and weakness, approximately 2 to 3 weeks after estrus, is described. In the clinical and ultrasound evaluation, open cervix pyometra was diagnosed, and considering the age of the female, as well as her genetic value, a therapy is established that included antibiotics, aglepristone and intrauterine lavage with ozonated serum via endoscopy. The recovery of the patient was achieved in a short time.