The objective of this research was to characterize the chat collaborative interaction of two partners in six kinds of cognitive tasks. The central hypothesis was that the task nature determines a particular kind of collaborative interaction. The six tasks tested were: to solve a logical problem, to compose a story, to read a data table, to rank opinions, to bring a scientific explanation of a domestic situation, to interpret the signification of a literature text. The 11 dyads of the sample were formed by university students. Results show significant differences between the tasks concerning the sociocognitive interaction, specially the logical-intelligent tasks related the open-interpretative tasks. Finally, there is a great difference between tasks in the personal evaluation of the difficulty and interest of each one.

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The objective of this research was to characterize the chat collaborative interaction of two partners in six kinds of cognitive tasks. The central hypothesis was that the task nature determines a particular kind of collaborative interaction. The six tasks tested were: to solve a logical problem, to compose a story, to read a data table, to rank opinions, to bring a scientific explanation of a domestic situation, to interpret the signification of a literature text. The 11 dyads of the sample were formed by university students. Results show significant differences between the tasks concerning the sociocognitive interaction, specially the logical-intelligent tasks related the open-interpretative tasks. Finally, there is a great difference between tasks in the personal evaluation of the difficulty and interest of each one.

Two teaching resources are compared: the conceptual map and the summary, understood as external systems of cognitive representation. In the theoretical approach used, such external systems are not understood as mere outsourcing of thought, but, conversely, as types of representational activity that format the cognition itself. In this sense, maps and summaries would have different cognitive effects. But this research goes further: such differential effects would also be psychosocial, formating sociocognitive interaction when the activity is carried out in a collaborative way. The experimental design compares four conditions from two identical subsamples, in which both the task that 18 dyads of university students must perform (map and summary) and the two source-texts used are balanced. The analysis compares the individual productions with the collective of each dyad, focusing on the mod...

Collaborative learning is a construct that identifies a current strong field, both in face-to-face and virtual education. Firstly, three converging theoretical sources are analyzed: socio-cognitive conflict theory, intersubjectivity theory and distributed cognition theory. Secondly, a model of strategies that can be implemented by teachers to develop socio-cognitive collaboration is presented. This model integrates and systematizes several academic group animation techniques developed within the collaborative learning field. These integrated techniques, within a coherent and unified didactic intention, allow talking more about strategies than independent and dissociated techniques. Each strategy is specifically described, which refers to six areas: encouragement of dialogue, listening to others and reciprocal assessment; collaboration for negotiation and consensus building; activity orga...

The most usual descriptors to characterize people are age, sex, physical aspect, and psychological-sociological traits deduced from the appearance. The central hypothesis is that the use of these descriptors varies according to both the age of the group-perceptor and the age of people object of perception. Specifically, the analysis is focus on age as a descriptive category attending the age of the perceptor and the age of the perceived people. Three samples are compared: young people, adults and older adult, who had to describe four photos of people of different ages: little girl, young boy, adult man and elderly woman. First the comparison is between the four photos inside each age-group; then the comparison is between the three age-groups. In all cases coincidences and differences were shown. As expected, age and sex are the most frequent references, but the weight of each one changes...

The objective of this research is to compare the epistemic development of two opposite teaching styles: expositive and guided-participative, in a natural setting. The aim was to analyse some non-explicit or hidden differential traits of each style and make them explicit. This analysis is focused on the instructive development of knowledge, that is, the teaching process itself and not the learning outcomes. These hidden differential traits concern the stability-variability of teaching and the dependence-independence of the teacher from the epistemic.source. Four biology teachers were invited to teach their own secondary students the same extracurricular subject. It was agreed that two of them would use an expositive style, while the two others implemented a participative style. Results show great differences between both teaching styles. Expositive style displays a more fixed intraindivid...

Se comparan dos recursos didácticos: el mapa conceptual y el resumen, entendidos como sistemas externos de representación cognitiva. En el enfoque teórico utilizado, tales sistemas externos no son entendidos como mera externalización del pensamiento, sino, inversamente, como tipos de actividad representacional que formatean a la propia cognición. En este sentido, los mapas y los resúmenes tendrían efectos cognitivos distintos. Pero esta investigación va más allá: tales efectos diferenciales serían también psicosociales, formateando la interacción sociocognitiva cuando la actividad se realiza colaborativamente. El diseño experimental compara cuatro condiciones de dos submuestras idénticas, en las que se balancea tanto la tarea que 18 díadas de alumnos universitarios deben realizar (mapa y resumen), como los dos textos-fuente empleados. El análisis compara las producciones...

Collaborative learning is a construct that identifies a current strong field, both in face-to-face and virtual education. Firstly, three converging theoretical sources are analyzed: socio-cognitive conflict theory, intersubjectivity theory and distributed cognition theory. Secondly, a model of strategies that can be implemented by teachers to develop socio-cognitive collaboration is presented. This model integrates and systematizes several academic group animation techniques developed within the collaborative learning field. These integrated techniques, within a coherent and unified didactic intention, allow talking more about strategies than independent and dissociated techniques. Each strategy is specifically described, which refers to six areas: encouragement of dialogue, listening to others and reciprocal assessment; collaboration for negotiation and consensus building; activity orga...

The objective of this research is to compare the epistemic development of two opposite teaching styles: expositive and guided-participative, in a natural setting. The aim was to analyse some non-explicit or hidden differential traits of each style and make them explicit. This analysis is focused on the instructive development of knowledge, that is, the teaching process itself and not the learning outcomes. These hidden differential traits concern the stability-variability of teaching and the dependence-independence of the teacher from the epistemic.source. Four biology teachers were invited to teach their own secondary students the same extracurricular subject. It was agreed that two of them would use an expositive style, while the two others implemented a participative style. Results show great differences between both teaching styles. Expositive style displays a more fixed intraindivid...

The article aims to study the verbal collaborative interaction in both symmetrical and asymmetrical dyads according to specific individual cognitive competence. The interaction was analyzed in terms of cognitive and non-cognitive aspects. 19 dyads (38 fifth and sixth graders) participated. First, they individually solve a set of logical problems to determine the initial level of competence. According to the outcomes, symmetric (both subjects of low level of competence) and asymmetric (one subject of low level of competence with one subject of high level of competence) dyads were made up. Second, they collaboratively resolved an equivalent set of problems. The collaborative interaction of the dyads was analyzed by a system of categories of three inclusive levels: (1) if messages were cognitive or non-cognitive; (2) it they were also affirmations, questions or answers; (3) if both cognitiv...

The article aims to study the verbal collaborative interaction in both symmetrical and asymmetrical dyads according to specific individual cognitive competence. The interaction was analyzed in terms of cognitive and non-cognitive aspects. 19 dyads (38 fifth and sixth graders) participated. First, they individually solve a set of logical problems to determine the initial level of competence. According to the outcomes, symmetric (both subjects of low level of competence) and asymmetric (one subject of low level of competence with one subject of high level of competence) dyads were made up. Second, they collaboratively resolved an equivalent set of problems. The collaborative interaction of the dyads was analyzed by a system of categories of three inclusive levels: (1) if messages were cognitive or non-cognitive; (2) it they were also affirmations, questions or answers; (3) if both cognitiv...

El trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los efectos de la regulación interactiva de situaciones diádicas sobre las capacidades argumentativas de los sujetos en dos tipos de tareas: ordenamiento de causas de fenómenos sociales y toma de posición frente a situaciones dilemáticas. Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, se comparó el pre-test y el pos-test de los sujetos luego de la interacción, constituyéndose dos grupos; díadas con asistencia de la interacción por parte del investigador (participación, evaluación y contra-argumentación) y díadas sin asistencia. Los resultados muestran que la asistencia produce efectos significativos en la competencia argumentativa individual y el tipo de tarea matiza el efecto señalado, produciendo diferenciaciones. Se destaca la importancia de la regulación de la interacción sobre la argumentación.

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la interacción sociocognitiva entre pares y su relación con el avance cognitivo individual, en situaciones de simetría y asimetría de competencia epistémica. Participaron 72 estudiantes de quinto y sexto grado (edad, M = 11 años, 3 meses; SD=7 meses), quienes resolvieron ítems lógicos (pre/post prueba individual, condición diádica intermedia). Los resultados indicaron: a) la distribución del aporte argumental en la díada es el principal diferenciador procesual entre las condiciones simétricas analizadas; b) el volumen y distribución de los argumentos de la díada se asocian significativamente con el avance cognitivo individual, independientemente de la condición de simetría/asimetría de competencia epistémica. Los resultados se discuten a la luz de los fundamentos socioconstructivistas del estudio.

The study aimed to analyze the peer sociocognitive interaction and its relationship with individual cognitive progress, in both symmetrical and asymmetrical situations of epistemic competence. Participants were 72 students of fifth and sixth grade (age, M = 11 years, 3 months, SD = 7 months), who solved logical items (pre / post test individual, intermediate dyadic condition). The results indicated: a) the distribution of arguments in the dyad is the main variable of the interactive process related to differences between symmetrical conditions and b) the volume and distribution of the arguments in dyads are significantly associated with individual cognitive advancement, independently of symmetrical/asymmetrical condition. The results are discussed from a socioconstructivist perspective.

The objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of the interactive regulation of dyadic situations on the argumentative abilities of the subjects in two types of tasks: ordering causes of social phenomena and taking position in front of dilemmatic situations. A quasi-experimental study was carried out, the pre-test and the post-test of the participants after the interaction were compared, constituting two groups; dyads with assistance from the interaction by the researcher (participation, evaluation and counter-argumentation) and dyads without assistance. The results show that the assistance produces significant effects in the

The study aimed to analyze the peer sociocognitive interaction and its relationship with individual cognitive progress, in both symmetrical and asymmetrical situations of epistemic competence. Participants were 72 students of fifth and sixth grade (age, M = 11 years, 3 months, SD = 7 months), who solved logical items (pre / post test individual, intermediate dyadic condition). The results indicated: a) the distribution of arguments in the dyad is the main variable of the interactive process related to differences between symmetrical conditions and b) the volume and distribution of the arguments in dyads are significantly associated with individual cognitive advancement, independently of symmetrical/asymmetrical condition. The results are discussed from a socioconstructivist perspective.

The objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of the interactive regulation of dyadic situations on the argumentative abilities of the subjects in two types of tasks: ordering causes of social phenomena and taking position in front of dilemmatic situations. A quasi-experimental study was carried out, the pre-test and the post-test of the participants after the interaction were compared, constituting two groups; dyads with assistance from the interaction by the researcher (participation, evaluation and counter-argumentation) and dyads without assistance. The results show that the assistance produces significant effects in the

Objectives: the effects of competence symmetry-asymmetry and socio-affective affinity on the collaborative interaction to understand a frequency table were analyzed. Method: the participants were distributed in symmetric and asymmetric dyads taking into account the similarities and differences of their specific competences, and if they had or not reciprocal socio-affective affinity. Ninety (90) students (45 dyads) attending the sixth and seventh grades of primary school (age, M = 12.3, SD = .5), who were screened using a non-probability method, participated in the study. Each dyad answered 12 multiple-choice questions, each of which evaluated one aspect of the table comprehension. The collaborative interaction between the participants was analyzed from a three-hierarchical-level category system. Results: socioaffective affinity has influence on cognitive asymmetry. It is associated with ...

The current study aimed to identify and analyze the systems of interaction implemented by teachers in university classes, based on their teaching imprints. It focused on the interactions occurred in scholar natural contexts and the construction of knowledge based on said interaction. A form to observe the different behaviors was designed in order to register the interaction during practical sessions. Six classes and their teachers, from two different epistemic areas (Psychology and Physics), were observed, and the results were analyzed in order to describe the characteristics of the classes and the type of interactions that take place in them. Based on a global qualitative analysis of the classes, three basic types of interaction were detected: collaborative, guided participative and expositive. Beyond the characteristics detected, it is stated that no matter the interaction system, teac...