There are several techniques for the removal of pharmaceuticals (drugs) from wastewater; however, strengths and weaknesses have been observed in their elimination processes that limit their applicability. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the best techniques for the removal of pharmaceuticals from municipal and hospital wastewater. For this, a non-experimental, descriptive, qualitative– quantitative design was used, corresponding to a systematic review without meta-analysis. Based on established inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 open-access articles were selected from the Scopus, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, and ScienceDirect databases. The results showed that high concentrations of analgesics such as naproxen (1.37 mg/L) and antibiotics such as norfloxacin (0.561 mg/L) are frequently found in wastewater and that techniques such as reverse osmosis, ozonation, and activated sludge have the bes...

Existen diversas técnicas de remoción de fármacos en aguas residuales, sin embargo, en su proceso de eliminación se han observado fortalezas y debilidades que limitan la aplicabilidad de las mismas. Por consiguiente, la investigación desarrollada tuvo como objetivo evaluar las mejores técnicas de remoción de fármacos en aguas residuales municipales y hospitalarias. Para ello, se utilizó un diseño no experimental, descriptivo cualitativo-cuantitativo, que corresponde a una revisión sistemática sin meta-análisis. En base a criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos, se seleccionaron 31 artículos de acceso libre de las bases de datos Scopus, ProQuest, Ebsco host y ScienceDirect. Los resultados mostraron que en aguas residuales es frecuente encontrar altas concentraciones de analgésicos como naproxeno (1.37 mg/L) y antibióticos como norfloxacina (0.561 mg/L) y que las ...

There are several techniques for the removal of pharmaceuticals (drugs) from wastewater; however, strengths and weaknesses have been observed in their elimination processes that limit their applicability. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the best techniques for the removal of pharmaceuticals from municipal and hospital wastewater. For this, a non-experimental, descriptive, qualitative–quantitative design was used, corresponding to a systematic review without meta-analysis. Based on established inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 open-access articles were selected from the Scopus, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, and ScienceDirect databases. The results showed that high concentrations of analgesics such as naproxen (1.37 mg/L) and antibiotics such as norfloxacin (0.561 mg/L) are frequently found in wastewater and that techniques such as reverse osmosis, ozonation, and activated sludge have the best...