An Economic Constitution characterized by clear rules on economic matters in the constitution of a country for a certain period of its history. However, an important aspect that complements these set of rules and constitutional economic controls the mechanisms, which should exist to fulfill them. Indeed, the regulation of the economics in a constitution is not a practice that has always existed in the legal systems of the world. The German constitution of the Weimar Republic in 1919 is considered by many as the pioneer and is the basis of economic constitutionalism as it established of the basic law of economic activity. For others, the Constitution of 1215 is the first set of economic rules because it placed limitation of the taxing powers of the monarch. Currently, there is a growing consensus on the importance of the Economic Constitution and its institutional framework that contribut...

The stock market is very attractive for international and national investors, as this channel is characterized by flows of funds from surplus agents (vendors of loanable funds) to the agent responsible (applicants for loanable funds), as a result a higher level of investment, while generating economic growth and thus the benefit of all participants. Companies operate in a financial environment in which requirements as required solvency capital, profitability and trajectory, making it difficult to meet them. These days, business financing is limited mainly to the banking system. However, it requires different funding alternative to traditional. A fundamental choice is the issuance of bonds in the primary market for securities. Get financing through this market is more efficient for companies to resort to a bank loan, the lower financial cost which means the bond issue. The article analyse...

Douglass North -Premio Nobel de Economía en 1993-- analizó el papel que cumplen las instituciones en el crecimiento económico. Una economía sin sistemas institucionales administrativos capaces de manejar adecuadamente los programas de desarrollo económico difícilmente asegura n el crecimiento económico. Las economías subdesarrolladas como la nuestra no cuentan con sistemas institucionales eficaces. En ese entender, el Enfoque Institucional o Nueva Economía Institucional incorpora la Teoría de las Instituciones a la Teoría Económica. Enfatiza que la estructura de incentivos de la sociedad -que es fundamental para el proceso de cambio- es una función de la estructura institucional de la sociedad. En ese sentido, el presente artículo sostiene la necesidad impostergable del fortalecimiento institucional en nuestro país para manejar adecuadamente los programas de desarrollo y a...

The research paper entitled “Principle of subsidiarity economic state of the politic Constitution in Peru” seeks to answer the following question: What is the scope of the constitutional principle of state economic subsidiarity? In this regard, it should be noted that this study is an explanatory and documentary. Similarly, the research method used is analytical and inductive. He turned to secondary sources and how technical the document review. In this perspective, for a better understanding of the subject, the content of this document is structured in three parts: the first sets out the background, the second raises the foundation of economic subsidiarity principle and the third state covers matters relating the limits of state power and state functions. Then, we present our conclusions. Finally, the literature discloses.

At present there is a consensus in recognizing the importance of institutions, rules of society: formal and informal-to explain both success and failure of countries seeking development. In this perspective, Peru has not reached the longed-economic development because there is a weak institutional framework and does not effectively protect individual rights. The institutional framework has led throughout our history, the establishment of forms of government, populist and authoritarian. Our judicial system is not working properly: the judicial processes are inefficient (high cost and slow processes), there is political influence, court decisions are uncertain, there is widespread corruption, and access to justice is uneven. As a result of these characteristics, the legal system promotes legal uncertainty. In addition to the above, do not have a strong political party system. The instituti...

The economic regulation has legal restrictions that impose to the agents that were involved in the market (like for example, the market of goods and services or the capital markets). However, there is an aspect relevant in the regulation we need to justify the present of the market failures that appear from the presents of the externalities, existence of public assets, failing competition, asymmetries and incomplete markets information. That is way, there is mayor consent in the market and the private companies cooperated to the accomplishment of economy. That way the government makes a very important role in the market. However the government keeps doing a controversy subject in ideological conflict of world. That why this article examines the background and fundamentalism, the failure the adjustment of the economy on the market, also the balance between market and government has a big ...

El presente artículo busca responder la interrogante siguiente: ¿Por qué es importante el dinero electrónico en el proceso de inclusión financiera en el Perú?. Según información de la Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros y AFP (SBS), a junio de 2013, el 57.3% de distritos del país no tienen acceso al sistema financiero. Debido a esta problemática, es necesario institucionalizar la política de inclusión financiera, de modo tal, que se promueva el acceso y uso de los servicios financieros de calidad por parte de todos los segmentos de la población. Un paso importante en ese propósito, es la instrumentalización del dinero electrónico. Desde tal perspectiva, para una mejor comprensión del tema, el contenido se ha estructurado en cuatro partes. La primera comprende los antecedentes, tanto de la situación actual del sistema financiero peruano como del lineamiento de política. ...

This study addresses the constitutional provisions of the financial system in Peru and based on that, seeks to respond the question: Why should establish a financial regime in the Political Constitution?In that sense, it should be noted that the nature of the study is explanatory type. Similarly, research methods used are analytical and inductive. They also turned to secondary sources and the technique used was the document review.From this perspective, for a better understanding of the proposed theme, content is structured in three parts: the first comprises the foundation of financial regula-tion; in the second, the powers of the state organs in financial matters arise, and the third covers the finan-cial arrangements of the Constitution of 1993. Finally, conclusions are presented and disclosed the literature.

El presente estudio explica la importancia de crear un seguro de depósitos en el sistema financiero para evitar retiradas masivas del capital de un banco y sobre esa base, busca responder la siguiente interrogante: ¿Por qué es relevante para el sistema financiero la cobertura de los depósitos de ahorro a través de un seguro? En ese sentido, cabe precisar que la naturaleza del estudio es de tipo explicativo y los métodos de investigación utilizados son el analítico e inductivo. Asimismo, se ha recurrido a fuentes de información secundarias y la técnica usada ha sido la revisión documental. Desde tal perspectiva, para una mejor comprensión del tema propuesto, el contenido se ha estructurado en tres partes: La primera comprende la fundamentación microeconómica del seguro de depósitos en el sistema financiero; en la segunda se plantea la importancia y protección del ahorro y ...

El presente estudio aborda los principios generales de una sociedad libre referidos a la tradición de la libertad individual, la justicia y el gobierno limitado. Busca responder la siguiente interrogante: ¿Por qué el orden espontáneo del mercado requiere la reivindicación de dichos principios? En ese sentido, cabe precisar que la naturaleza del estudio es de tipo explicativo. Del mismo modo, el método de investigación utilizado es el analítico. Asimismo, se recurrieron a fuentes bibliográficas que sustentan los principios esenciales de una sociedad libre y el orden espontáneo del mercado. Para una mejor comprensión del tema propuesto, el contenido se ha estructurado en tres partes: La primera comprende los antecedentes; en la segunda, se plantea el orden espontáneo del mercado y la tercera abarca los principios generales de una sociedad libre. Luego, se presentan las conclusi...

El presente estudio, explica la trascendencia de las normas constitucionales principio que orientan el modelo económico del Perú. Para tal efecto, se formula la siguiente interrogante: ¿Por qué los principios generales del régimen económico de la Constitución Política han contribuido con la estabilidad y el crecimiento económico del país? En ese sentido, cabe precisar que la naturaleza del estudio es de tipo explicativo y el método de investigación utilizado es el analítico. Asimismo, se ha recurrido a fuentes bibliográficas que sustentan los principios generales del régimen económico peruano. Para una mejor comprensión del tema propuesto, el contenido se ha estructurado en tres partes: La primera comprende los antecedentes; la segunda, se plantean las principales doctrinas en materia económica y la tercera abarca los principios generales del régimen económico de la C...

The research made possible to explain why economic freedom was a factor that contributed to improving individual well-being in Peru during the period 1970-2014. Based on this objective, a descriptive analysis was performed on the relationship between the variables, plus two approximations were used based on the inferential analysis: Spearman correlation coefficient and Ordinary Least Squares estimate.Thus, the main results show that there is a relationship between the Index of Economic Freedom and the Gross Domestic Product per capita, and the strong degree of this relationship. In addition, it was found that the sense of the relationship is positive and statistically significant.In this way, it was concluded that economic freedom is one of the factors that influenced individual welfare, and consequently, general well-being of the population. However, economic freedom is necessary but no...

The objective of the research is to explain why the freedom in the credit market positively affects the loans of the financial system to the private sector in Peru, generating an increase in the stock of loans to the private sector. Based on this objective, a descriptive and inferential analysis was performed on the relationship between the variables. Thus, the main results were that the freedom in the market of credits as a component of the regulation of the market of credits, influenced in the stock of credits of the financial system to the private sector of the country. In this way, it was concluded that the freedom in the credit market favors the stock of credits and, consequently, contributes to deepening the financial system. However, greater freedom in the credit market is an essential aspect of increasing credits to the private sector, but it is not the only element.

La investigación permitió determinar el grado de relación entre el tamaño del gobierno y el bienestar individual en los países miembros de la Alianza del Pacífico durante el período 1970-2014. A partir de dicho objetivo, se realizó un análisis descriptivo sobre la relación entre las variables y se utilizaron dos aproximaciones basadas en el análisis de regresión y la determinación del coeficiente de correlación. Siendo así, se obtuvieron como principales resultados que existe una relación muy positiva entre el tamaño del gobierno y el Producto Bruto Interno per cápita en el caso chileno, y menor en el caso de Perú, México y Colombia. De este modo, se concluyó que el tamaño del gobierno es uno de los factores que influyó en el bienestar individual, y consiguientemente, en el bienestar general de la población, pero constituye una condición necesaria pero no suficie...

El artículo explica los fundamentos de la Economía Conductual también conocida como Psicología Económica o simplemente Psicología y Economía, la misma que a través de diseños experimentales y observacionales busca detectar errores que se cometen en la toma decisiones. En ese sentido, la Economía Conductual utiliza los conceptos y evidencia de la Psicología para mejorar el entendimiento del proceso de toma de decisiones económicas, analizando los motivos por los cuales las personas generalmente toman decisiones inadecuadas. Desde tal perspectiva, el Paternalismo Libertario, propuesto por Richard Thaler y Cass Sunstein, tiene como propósito diseñar políticas públicas para mantener o incrementar la libertad de elegir de las personas a efectos de mejorar las condiciones o contextos para la toma de decisiones adecuadas.    

Objective: The research described the characteristics of the main approaches to the State's principle of economic subsidiarity over the last twenty-five years. Method: Articles published in indexed scientific journals with a descriptive method were analyzed, using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: It was obtained as a result of nineteen articles whose main approaches are: vertical/horizontal and positive/negative. Conclusions: It was concluded that, while the golden rule must be free private initiative or economic freedom, the subsidiary role of the state in the economy, is based on the agents who exchange in the markets supports on the insufficient rules to achieve well-being.

Objetivo: Determinar si el nivel de ingreso explica el uso de tarjetas de crédito en el Perú. Método: Se utilizó un modelo Logit para estimar la probabilidad de uso de tarjetas de crédito en aquellos individuos que cuentan con una tarjeta. Resultados: Los ingresos tienen un efecto positivo y estadísticamente significativo en el uso de tarjetas de crédito; sin embargo, en algunos rubros, como en el gasto de alimentos, no se observan diferencias significativas en el uso de la tarjeta de crédito con relación a los ingresos laborales mensuales. Conclusión: La población con menores ingresos tiende a usar la tarjeta de crédito en igual proporción que los segmentos con mayores ingresos para determinados gastos.

La crisis mundial sanitaria generada por la pandemia del COVID-19 ha modificado en forma significativa los sistemas económicos sociales y, en especial, los sistemas de salud, lo cual ha tenido repercusiones en la tecnología, globalización, demografía y medio ambiente, generando una disrupción con efectos supranacionales.

The constitutional regime of currency is one of the most relevant economic institutions in a country because it institutes an order, model, or monetary system aimed to preserve price stability and, thereby, to generate confidence, security, and certainty in the economy. Thus, this research established the implication of the constitutional monetary regime in the general level of prices and individual wellbeing. The study design was nonexperimental because the variables were not manipulated, retrospective because it was based on secondary data, analytical because it was a bivariate analysis and cross-sectional because the data was obtained at a single moment. Likewise, the scope was correlational because of the degree of relationship between the study variables and explanatory since it was determined by the causality that was established between these variables. The currency was found...

The constitutional regime of currency is one of the most relevant economic institutions in a country because it institutes an order, model, or monetary system aimed to preserve price stability and, thereby, to generate confidence, security, and certainty in the economy. Thus, this research established the implication of the constitutional monetary regime in the general level of prices and individual wellbeing. The study design was nonexperimental because the variables were not manipulated, retrospective because it was based on secondary data, analytical because it was a bivariate analysis and cross-sectional because the data was obtained at a single moment. Likewise, the scope was correlational because of the degree of relationship between the study variables and explanatory since it was determined by the causality that was established between these variables. The currency was founded as...