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En este artículo se aborda el tema de la comunidad campesina en sus procesos de cambios y permanencias. También se plantea el problema de la razón de ser y de la supervivencia de la organización tutelar del campesinado peruano, a través de la revisión de su aparato de gobierno interno, de sus estrategias en el control y la distribución de los recursos fundamentales, de las formas de propiedad implementadas y de su permeabilidad para adaptarse a los cambios impuestos y de su propia creatividad para entrar en la modernidad de los tiempos actuales.

The national reserve of the Huayhuash mountain range, located in the borders of the departments of Ancash, Lima and Huánuco, has become in the last years a center coveted for the exploitation of natural resources. Landscaping kindness of high snow-covered mountains, lagoons, plains and defiles have turned it one of the tourist routes of high value in the country and the varied wealth of mineral reserves of good law in the subsoil of this mountain range has caused the foreign investment for its operation. In this article we give account on the dynamics of the actors, in its intentions of exploitation of the natural resources, facing conflicts of interests and making effort to obtain the agreement of the parts for a rational advantage of these wealth.

Music is in everywhere, an important component of the culture of the towns, to give solemnity to the established rituals and to provide joy to its ceremonies and custom celebrations of all type. In this work we make a fast revision of the traditional use of the musical instruments in the Andes of the Peru and the process of changes in the conformation of the musical organizations happened from the introduction of European instruments. The general perspective of the treatment of the musical instruments leans in the empirical information of the old Cajatambo, region located to the north of Lima and the south of Ancash.

A reading and writing inclusive experience developed for a group of students from the Faculty of Social Sciences in a time that the university was controlled by army troops become a youth social inclusion method based in the progressive exploration and domain of the word in the reading of poetry and poetic writing. The design method considers three stages according to the historical role of poetry: first the domain of words, followed by words orders construction and culminates with the meaning constructions. The method considers that reading encourages cognitive function, and writing the manipulative function. And both have a complementary relationship.

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Modemities in their different forms and of diverse times, have jined inevitable conflicts against natives traditions of the peoples:the firsts by imposing its hegemony and the seconds to maintain itscultural practiices origanal that they are at the same time the soul of his identities. the neomodernity of today, that names globalization, is probañy most influential for the entire world, not only by the presence of the goods that we must consume and use, but by the ecumenical force of the mass media of commnication of satelite technology that by means of some regional samples taken from Ancash and Andahuaylas it explaints the tenacions confrontation of the cultural traditions-to survive and the powerful ompact of the globalization of these times

In this work we try show on micro spaces, socio-economic effects of global warming. Our purpose is to record what aspects of the daily life of Andean peasants have meaning climate change. Clearly, it is in agriculture, main activity on which is based the peasant life, which it receive our attention. For this purpose we have moved to three regions to investigate in situ the process of change, as a sample. In localities visited we observed directly the natural and cultural landscapes, we have spoken with active farmers and intermediaries linked to the market and with communities and district authorities. The result of our research is the finding that the phenomenon of global warming has a concrete impact on the daily practice of agriculture, both crop substitution and plantations as well as cultural practices concomitant with these changes. The remarkable thing about these changes is the s...

In the villages of southern Ancash, patron saint festivities constitute relevant ceremonial acts of annual cycle social life. These types of holidays were imposed during the colonial period as part of the process of Christianization, as opposed to the beliefs and rituals of pre-Hispanic sacred symbols. To this end, the Spanish instituted in each locality of Indians reduced a saint as an employer to whom they should worship at the Western calendar date. In about five centuries, patron saint festivities in all of Peru are still social and cultural events of great importance and have taken over time special connotations which transcend the space where they perform. In the provinces of Bolognesi and Ocros (southern Ancash), each population has a picture patron, which he provide a party with religious rituals and a complex sequence of social events, with a massive turnout of attendees. The pa...

Since the arrival of the Spaniards to the Tahuantinsuyo land magnificent churches as part of the process of Christianization of the vanquished they were built. The church was established in propitious space for the expression of arts such as architecture, sculpture and painting, coming from Renaissance Europe, which is enriched with the fusion of Indian and mestizo art. In big cities they flourished cathedrals and monasteries, founded by different religious orders; while in smaller towns, such as reductions of Indians, the church was built as the main building, located in the square, with its high bells to call converts. In about five centuries of history, numerous churches built in Peru have had their time of splendor and apogee as well as their decline and crisis. These repositories of colonial art linked to the spread of Christianity are at present; some in good condition and assets, ...

In this work we do a contemporary review of the continuity and disappearance of the peoples visited by Don Bernardo de Noboa in the seventeenth century, in his mission to extirpate the idolatry of the Indians of the Cajatambo region. This ecclesiastical enterprise was undertaken more than a century after the Spanish conquest, when the efforts of the Christianization of natives had failed throughout the Castilian dominion. The Archbishopric of Lima, -from Bartolomé Lobo Guerrero to Pedro de Villagómezundertook, in stages, a policy of persecution and punishment of the Andean priests, and the destruction of the sacred idols of the vanquished peoples, with the purpose of nipping the roots of the Andean belief system and deepen the evangelization in the conscience of the natives. At that time, the towns through which the extirpating commission traveled, was the northern part of Cajatambo, m...

This work recounts the memory of the events that occurred as a result of the earthquake that shook the department of Ancash on May 31, 1970. We make a summary account of the sinister city of Huaraz and the terrifying flood that buried Yungay. With the survivors of this telluric phenomenon, the central government encouraged the emigration of families affected to the Colonization of Tingo María-Tocache-Campanilla. The story concludes with the presentation of the economic and social results of the Ancash settlers settled in Nuevo Paraíso and Santa Lucía.

In this paper we approach the issue of the spectacular growth of the city of Lima, with information from the forties and by extension of the entire last century. For this purpose, we resort to sources of information from authors who have studied the capital city, migration from the countryside to the city, and the study of slums. We complement the essay with data from our personal experience, with which we make a tight diachronic summary of the demographic development of the metropolis.

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En este artículo se aborda el tema de la comunidad campesina en sus procesos de cambios y permanencias. También se plantea el problema de la razón de ser y de la supervivencia de la organización tutelar del campesinado peruano, a través de la revisión de su aparato de gobierno interno, de sus estrategias en el control y la distribución de los recursos fundamentales, de las formas de propiedad implementadas y de su permeabilidad para adaptarse a los cambios impuestos y de su propia creatividad para entrar en la modernidad de los tiempos actuales.

The national reserve of the Huayhuash mountain range, located in the borders of the departments of Ancash, Lima and Huánuco, has become in the last years a center coveted for the exploitation of natural resources. Landscaping kindness of high snow-covered mountains, lagoons, plains and defiles have turned it one of the tourist routes of high value in the country and the varied wealth of mineral reserves of good law in the subsoil of this mountain range has caused the foreign investment for its operation. In this article we give account on the dynamics of the actors, in its intentions of exploitation of the natural resources, facing conflicts of interests and making effort to obtain the agreement of the parts for a rational advantage of these wealth.