Las fuentes de agua superficial son recursos para las actividades socioeconómicas, sin embargo estas causan alteración y deterioro, este impacto es medido por el índice de calidad del agua (ICA) y recientemente por contaminantes emergentes. El objetivo fue evaluar el nivel de cafeína y el ICA, en la micro cuenca altoandina del rio Chumbao, situada entre 73°38' - 73°11'O y 13°49' - 13°34'S, de 4 800 a 2 000 msnm y área 767,4 km2 . Se evaluó el ICA según la NSF y Dinius considerando parámetros: Nivel de oxigeno (OD y DBO5), Nivel de eutrofización (NO3- y PO4- ), Características físicas (Temperatura, Turbidez, Color y TDS), Sustancias disueltas (Alcalinidad, Dureza, pH, Conductividad y Cloruros), Aspectos de salud (E. coli y Coliformes); la cafeína se determinó por la cromatografía líquida de alta eficacia (HPLC); el muestreo fue en temporada de avenidas, en 02 puntos lé...

The objective was optimize the flocculating capacity of three varities of cacti Echinopsis pachanoi (San Pedro), Neoraimondia arequipenses (Ulluquite) and Opuntia ficus (Tuna) in the artificial wastewater treatment. They were applied 1%, 2% and 3% coagulant doses of the three varieties of cactaceae extracted with 96% ethanol. It was evaluated the flocculating activity (FA) and removal percentage (%R); a significant increase was observed (p-value < 0.05) with the increase in the coagulant dose. The optimization was carried out considering as objective function the %R which were subjected to FA, pH, hardness, alkalinity and BOD5 of water treatment. Which were reported values of 99.09 %R for San Pedro variety, 92.42 %R for Ulluquite variety and 98.98 %R for tuna variety, for doses of 0.207%, 0.246% and 0.754% of coagulant respectively.

Drying allows water to be removed and food to be preserved, however, this operation can degrade color. Punamuña leaves are aromatic and used for medicinal purposes in the Peruvian Andes. This research aimed to determine and model the drying kinetics, the diffusivity coefficient (Def), the activation energy (Ea), and the color of punamuña leaves. A horizontal dryer was used at 40, 50, and 60 °C and airspeed of 1.0 and 0.5 m / s; drying kinetics was modeled with 10 models. Def was determined with the Fick equation, Ea with the Arrhenius equation; the color was determined in the L* a* b* space. It was found that the triple exponential model with six parameters better represented the drying kinetics (R2 > 99.73 and E<3.04%); Def increased with temperature and air velocity. Ea was found between 43.62 to 44.52 kJ/mol for speeds of 1.0 to 0.5 m/s respectively; L* and a*/b* decreased, the col...

The cellulose from agroindustrial waste can be treated and converted into nanocrystals or nanofibers. It could be used to produce biodegradable and edible films, contributing to the circular economy and being environmentally friendly. This research aimed to develop an edible film elaborated with activated cellulose nanocrystals, native potato starch, and glycerin. The ac tivated cellulose nanocrystals were obtained by basic/acid digestion and esterification with citric acid from corn husks. The starch was extracted from the native potato cultivated at 3500 m of alti tude. Four film formulations were elaborated with potato starch (2.6 to 4.4%), cellulose nanocrystals (0.0 to 0.12%), and glycerin (3.0 to 4.2%), by thermoforming at 60 ◦C. It was observed that the cellulose nanocrystals reported an average size of 676.0 nm. The films mainly present hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl groups t...