Las patologías frecuentes en la infancia son: los trastornos de refracción, los mismos que incluyen la miopía. el astigmatismo y el hipermetropía ;también existen la ambliopía, el estrabismo y los procesos inflamatorios o infecciosos del segmento anterior.

Los objetivos del estudio fueron determinar las principales características clínicas y quirúrgicas de pacientes operados de queratoplastía penetrante. En el Instituto Oftalmosalud se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal con la totalidad de pacientes operadas de queratoplastía penetrante y que tuvieron seguimiento postoperatorio en la institución por lo menos un año durante el período comprendido entre el Junio del 2002 a Junio del 2005. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa SPSS 14.0. Durante el período de estudio se evaluaron 52 queratoplastías penetrantes, las cuales cumplieron los criterios de inclusión.

Retinopathy of prematurity is the leading cause of childhood blindness in Peru and in many countries whose survival rate in newborns of very low birth weight has increased, this due to the largest biotech support in the management of intensive care neonatal. It is considered appropriate to review the aspects related to the pathophysiology, multifactorial etiology and epidemiology of this disease. Screening methods used with associated risk factors, the international classification in the diagnosis and current and experimental treatments based on multicenter studies with the respective recommendations are also emphasized. Finally pathological eye is exposed to increased risk of suffering those infants with a history of retinopathy of prematurity.

Retinopathy of prematurity is the leading cause of childhood blindness in Peru and in many countries whose survival rate in newborns of very low birth weight has increased, this due to the largest biotech support in the management of intensive care neonatal. It is considered appropriate to review the aspects related to the pathophysiology, multifactorial etiology and epidemiology of this disease. Screening methods used with associated risk factors, the international classification in the diagnosis and current and experimental treatments based on multicenter studies with the respective recommendations are also emphasized. Finally pathological eye is exposed to increased risk of suffering those infants with a history of retinopathy of prematurity.