Immunity against COVID-19 is crucial. Little is known about the mechanisms involved in stimulating antibody production against SARS-CoV-2 by the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and the exhaustion of T-cells. Objective: To evaluate the IgG (anti-spike) response, TNF-α, T-cell subsets, and their exhaustion. Methods: Serum samples and peripheral mononuclear cells of subjects with infection (G1, n=07), asymptomatic (G2, n=08 y G3, n=10) vaccinated with three doses of the BNT162b2 (G1 and G2) or the ChAdOx1-S (G3) vaccines. ELISA determined the level of IgG and TNF-α, and flow cytometry determined the T-cell subsets and exhaustion. Results: No change was observed in the levels of IgG before and after vaccination. G1 significantly increased TNF-α levels after receiving the third vaccine dose. Total lymphocytes significantly decreased in G2, but CD3+ did not change. G3 had a reduction i...

Background: The purpose of this study was to measure the preventive and regenerativeeffect of glutamine and probiotics induced by alcohol injury in Holtzman rats. Methods: Analytical,experimental and prospective study. The population consisted of 56 male rats between 300 and350 g, distributed in three experimental phases: Pre-pilot phase PPP (6 rats), Pilot phase PP (10 rats),and Experimental phase EP (40 rats). In the pilot phase, 10 rats were subjected to damage with8.5% ethanol, which was given intragastrically. The dosage was calculated for 10 rats in two groups:the first with 7.5 mL/kg in 5 rats and the second with 8.5 mL/kg in 5 rats. The experimentalphase was performed in 40 rats divided into 6 groups, the negative control group (healthy), positivecontrol group (injured), preventive experimental group (glutamine and glutamine with probiotic)and regenerative experimental group (glu...

Background: The purpose of this study was to measure the preventive and regenerativeeffect of glutamine and probiotics induced by alcohol injury in Holtzman rats. Methods: Analytical,experimental and prospective study. The population consisted of 56 male rats between 300 and350 g, distributed in three experimental phases: Pre-pilot phase PPP (6 rats), Pilot phase PP (10 rats),and Experimental phase EP (40 rats). In the pilot phase, 10 rats were subjected to damage with8.5% ethanol, which was given intragastrically. The dosage was calculated for 10 rats in two groups:the first with 7.5 mL/kg in 5 rats and the second with 8.5 mL/kg in 5 rats. The experimentalphase was performed in 40 rats divided into 6 groups, the negative control group (healthy), positivecontrol group (injured), preventive experimental group (glutamine and glutamine with probiotic)and regenerative experimental group (glu...