Over the last years, understanding the implications of prospective thinking toward the future has become of increasing interest. This study aims to delve into the relation between dispositional optimism, one of the most relevant prospective constructs, and life satisfaction. Additionally, we also seek to prove the mediating effect of different cognitive and affective variables associated with both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being on this relationship. A first study is conducted with 275 secondary students to assess the relationship between optimism and life satisfaction through self-control and grit (14.82, SD = 1.07), which indicates a mediating effect of grit but not of self-control. A second study is carried out with 1,356 university students (21.5, SD = 2.35) to demonstrate the mediating effect of positive affect on dispositional optimism and life satisfaction. Results show a strong...

Background From the social-ecological perspective, exposure to violence at the different developmental levels is fundamental to explain the dynamics of violence and victimization in educational centers. The following study aims at analyzing how these relationships are produced in the Peruvian context, where structural violence situations exist. Methods A multi-mediation structural model with 21,416 Peruvian adolescents (M = 13.69; SD = 0.71) was conducted to determine the influence of violence in the school environment on violence perceived within school and violence exercised by teachers. In addition, it was also intended to determine whether these violent relationships predict depression through loneliness, and bullying through peer victimization. The existence of differences between early and late adolescence was also verified. Results Results confirm that violence in the school setti...

Todavía hay pocos estudios que relacionen la victimización por bullying y la satisfacción con la vida. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto mitigador del apoyo de las figuras adultas (en la escuela y en el hogar) sobre la relación entre la victimización por bullying y la satisfacción con la vida que experimentan los adolescentes. Con este fin, se evaluó una muestra de 5774 adolescentes de 71 escuelas públicas ubicadas en los vecindarios violentos de Lima (Perú). Se realizó un análisis de moderación para evaluar el papel moderador del apoyo a las figuras adultas desde el hogar y la escuela. Los resultados muestran que el apoyo de los adultos en el hogar y la escuela mitiga el efecto negativo de la victimización por bullying en la satisfacción con la vida, y este efecto es mayor en el caso del apoyo en el hogar para adultos. El apoyo de adultos en el hogar y la e...