High penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) leads to new challenges for protection devices. Protection schemes are typically designed according to the dynamic behavior of rotating machines as generation sources, while the RES dynamic response, mainly governed by inverters, is not considered. Consequently, some relevant algorithms of transmission line protection are experiencing challenges because of the fact that magnitude and phase angle com parison, amount of negative-sequence, and short-circuit current level are affected by the RES. Therefore, an in-depth study of this issue is necessary, one which considers the main causes and new methodological criteria solutions. This work presents an extensive literature review of the evaluation of electrical protection performance and the effects of RES connected to a power grid through inverters. Bibliographic data on many representative ...

The ongoing transformation of electrical power systems highlights the weaknesses of the protection schemes of traditional devices because they are designed and confgured according to traditional characteristics of the system. Therefore, this work proposes a new methodology to study the fault-generated high frequency transient signals in transmission lines through multiresolution analysis. The high frequency components are determined by a new digital fltering technique based on mathematical morphology theory and a spectral energy index. Consequently, wide spectra of signals in the time–frequency domain are obtained. The performance of this method is verifed on an electrical power system modeled in ATP-Draw, where simulation and test signals are developed for diferent locations, fault resistances, inception angles, high frequency noises, sampling frequencies, types of faults, and shapes ...