The idea of the open universe is developed in with the purpose of deciphering the mystery of the inertial reference system. It follows that a rst approximation to an inertial reference system would be the center of a four-dimensional sphere. The objective interpretation of the experiments of the mirror inversion and the spin of the electron requires considering an axis of rotation located in an extra spatial dimension, associated with each natural self-organized and autonomous system of three-dimensional space. In addition, it is deduced that the observable universe could be conceived as a dual system, with two opposite symmetrical complementary surfaces which would form a single entity. If one of the surfaces corresponds to the conscious mind of the observer, the other surface must correspond to the unconscious mind of the observer. Reinterpreting the hypersphere concept and introducing...

The propagation of light in 99,99 % of empty space existing in natural systems is investigated to a new level of description, assuming that light is the only inuence that can transmit information. First, the electromagnetic eld is considered as a non-inertial reference system and it is deduced by geometric reasoning that the propagation vector of the electromagnetic wave changes direction at each instant of time due to the angular velocity associated with the plane of vibration of the electric/magnetic eld. Consequently, the actual path of a ray of light would have the shape of a conical spiral. The geometric analysis of the path of light rays in a vacuum lead to a simple formulation of the parametric equations that would represent the essential kinematics of the points of the empty space of natural systems (the substrate). This leads to an equation that describes the variation of the sp...

As a consequence of the study on the variation of the speed of light with time in the underlying vacuum of natural systems, the concept of acceleration of light arises. From the set of parametric equations that express the substrate or essential kinematics of the vacuum, it is obtained a formula that describes the acceleration of light as a function of time. Two possible opposite directions for the acceleration of light are observed; these directions are correlated with the two possible opposite directions of the local vector quantum. The vector quantum, as well as the acceleration of light, would have intrinsic uctuations. For small uctuations, two complementary quasi-equilibrium conditions are established, which would explain why light rays are perceived in a straight line in ordinary free space. Correlations are also deduced for the uctuations of the opposite vector quanta, as well as...

The propagation of light is studied as a mechanism for the transmission of organized information through the underlying void of a resistant homogeneous medium. A substrate compatible with the inherent kinematic viscosity of the medium is constructed, which is defined by a system of parametric equations compatible with the properties of the medium. As a consequence, an equation is obtained for the speed of light that varies with time for a given magnitude of the local vector quantum associated with the resistant medium. The equation obtained indicates the transmission of organized information in the medium and shows a double direction that would be correlated with the opposite vector quanta. These vector quanta would not be exactly opposite and would exhibit excess and defect fluctuations reciprocally. Thus, for quasi-equilibrium states of the natural system, the fluctuations of the vecto...

The study of the speed of light in the underlying vacuum of a resistant medium, as a mechanism for transmitting information, is complemented by the study of the acceleration of light in said medium. Applying the second order time derivative to the parametric equations, which represent the substrate in the underlying void of the resistant medium, a formula is obtained that would describe the acceleration with which the organized information is transmitted. The equation obtained varies with time for a given magnitude of the local vector quantum, as well as the resistance coefficient described by the substrate. Two possible symmetrical directions for the acceleration of light in the underlying vacuum of the resistant medium are considered, which would be correlated with the two possible directions of the local vector quantum. Ignoring the local vectorial quantum, the formula allows determin...

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo realizar el análisis sismorresistente de una edificación de seis niveles aplicando la norma E0.030-2014 y E0.0.30-2018, esta tesis abarca el análisis sismorresistente de una edificación usando la norma NTE E0.30 aprobada en el año 2016 y vigente hasta octubre del año 2018 donde entra en vigencia la nueva NTE E0.30. Se analizó y luego se realizó una comparación sismorresistente y económica. El edificio en estudio tiene estacionamientos ubicados en la planta de semisótano, una cisterna cuyo acceso se encuentra en el semisótano. El edifico es de seis pisos, se encuentra ubicado en el distrito de Pueblo libre, en la ciudad de Lima y el terreno sobre el cual se cimento la estructura tiene una buena capacidad portante de 4.00 kg/cm². El sistema estructural está conformado por muros, columnas y vigas de concreto armado, las losas de te...

Las MIPYME (micro, pequeña y mediana empresas) en el Perú, son el principal motor de la economía, pues antes de la pandemia representaban más del 99 % de las empresas registradas aportando el 32% del Producto Bruto Interno (en adelante PBI) y un 85% de la fuerza laboral (CIEN, 2019). En el 2020 se publicó el reglamento D.U. 013- 2020, que aclaraba las reglas para el uso de herramientas financieras, en especial el factoring, y con ello convertirla en una fuente confiable y rápida de financiamiento alternativo para las micro y pequeñas empresas. El presente trabajo se realizó para demostrar la factibilidad que las PYME y microempresas tengan una alternativa para conseguir liquidez de manera inmediata a tasas de descuento competitivas, en comparación a un crédito tradicional del sistema financiero, para el desarrollo de sus negocios. Asimismo, les permitirá realizar los pagos a s...

Las MIPYME (micro, pequeña y mediana empresas) en el Perú, son el principal motor de la economía, pues antes de la pandemia representaban más del 99 % de las empresas registradas aportando el 32% del Producto Bruto Interno (en adelante PBI) y un 85% de la fuerza laboral (CIEN, 2019). En el 2020 se publicó el reglamento D.U. 013- 2020, que aclaraba las reglas para el uso de herramientas financieras, en especial el factoring, y con ello convertirla en una fuente confiable y rápida de financiamiento alternativo para las micro y pequeñas empresas. El presente trabajo se realizó para demostrar la factibilidad que las PYME y microempresas tengan una alternativa para conseguir liquidez de manera inmediata a tasas de descuento competitivas, en comparación a un crédito tradicional del sistema financiero, para el desarrollo de sus negocios. Asimismo, les permitirá realizar los pagos a s...