Manifieta que el déficit del año 2017 arrojó un -2.7% del Producto Bruto Interno, según el Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, lo cual evidencia un alza en los últimos años. Este resultado podría ocasionar la preocupación de las clasificadoras de riesgo de índole internacional al revertirse esta tendencia, ya que a partir del año 2013 hasta el año 2017 se tuvo una la presión tributaria en el estado peruano ha decaído en un 3.8% y esta fue de un 12.9% en el año 2018 la estimación sería de un 14.5%. Lo que pretende el Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas es la aplicación de una legislación de carácter comparada con otras de internacionales que sirvan como normativas de flujo de información y agraciado final. Dichas reglas son las que demanda la entidad de la “Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos”. Por otro lado, el poder ejecutivo desea plantear...

The countries that have supported its development based on innovation, knowledge, science and technology have achieved much more favorable results than those only having focused their macro and micro economy in extraction activities such as mining. The instability of this sector and its attachment to the international scene determines that the indicators of economic growth also have the same behavior. That is, its sustainability is correlated to signs of the global economy, especially those countries demanding raw materials. Moreover, expenses and investments in social projects such as the same budgetary resources, are subject to the vagaries of international prices of minerals. Furthermore, studies have shown that governments with more corruption, are those with abundant natural resources, which by the way, also constitute the starting point of the social convulsions observed.

Private investments depend on a set of variables, including country risk and interest rate. The degree of sensitivity will also depend on how the financial market is organized, which in many cases, such as the Peruvian, has oligopolistic characteristics. In a way, this may generate a series of distortions in the degree of interest rates influence on productive investments.According to the theoretical conception, interest rate depends on the type of monetary policy implemented by the central banks, if it is expansive it must fall, achieving an opposite effect if the position is restrictive. The evidence indicates that the degree of correlation between the primary issue and the interest rate is weak and positive, so that the effects that the monetary authority can achieve is minimal with respect to investments. The opposite is true of the monetary rate that exerts a high influence on inter...

Los países que han sustentado su desarrollo basado en la innovación, el conocimiento, ciencia y tecnología, han logrado resultados mucho más favorables que aquellos que solo han centrado sus resultados macro y microeconómicos en la actividad extractiva como es la minera. La volatilidad de este sector y su anclaje al escenario internacional condiciona que los indicadores de crecimiento económico también tengan el mismo comportamiento. Es decir, su sostenibilidad está correlacionada a las señales de la economía global, especialmente de aquellos países demandantes de materias primas. Es más, los gastos e inversiones en proyectos sociales como los mismos recursos presupuestales, están supeditados a los vaivenes de los precios internacionales de los minerales. Asimismo, existen estudios que han evidenciado que los gobiernos con mayor grado de corrupción, son aquellos en donde se...

Las inversiones privadas dependen de un conjunto de variables, entre las que están, el riesgo país y la tasa de interés; el grado de sensibilidad además dependerá de cómo se organice el mercado financiero, que en muchos casos, como el peruano presenta características oligopólicas, que en cierta forma generan un serie de distorsiones en el grado de influencia de las tasas de interés en las inversiones productivas. Según la concepción teórica, la tasa de interés depende del tipo de política monetaria que ejecuten los bancos centrales, si esta es expansiva esta debe de caer, logrando un efecto contrario si la posición es restrictiva. Las evidencias señalan que el grado de correlación entre la emisión primaria y la tasa de interés es débil y positiva, por lo que los efectos que pueda lograr la autoridad monetaria es mínima con respecto a las inversiones. Evidenciando lo ...

A common feature of the markets where financial assets are traded in equity and fixed, is its volatility. This scenario of uncertainty generates opportunities to accumulate wealth by structuring optimal portfolios, but for that it is necessary for the investor to manage a series of financial, economic, and mathematical tools, among others, to opt for the best position in this market. Therefore, to validate portfolio selection models, descriptive statistics were used, whose monitoring operation was developed with high and low risk portfolios. The method used for the development of this work was descriptive, using historical information of different actions listed in different stock indices. In the work it is possible to demonstrate that through the use of tools it is possible to structure portfolios with different degrees of risk, which is measured by the standard deviation, in addition t...

Una característica común de los mercados en donde se negocian activos financieros de renta variable y fija, es su volatilidad. Este escenario de incertidumbre genera oportunidades para acumular riqueza vía estructuración de portafolios óptimos, pero para ello es necesario que el inversionista maneje una serie de herramientas financieras, económicas, matemáticas entre otras, para optar por la mejor posición en este mercado. Por ello para validar los modelos de selección de portafolio se hizo uso de la estadística descriptiva, cuya operacionalización permitió desarrollar carteras de alto y bajo riesgo. El método que se utilizó para el desarrollo del presente trabajo fue de tipo descriptivo, utilizando para ello información histórica de diferentes acciones enlistadas en diferentes índices bursátiles. En el trabajo se llega a demostrar que a través del uso de herramientas ...

Los bonos gubernamentales o soberanos se estánconfigurando como una importante fuente de financiamientopara el gobierno peruano. Sus necesidades decapital para financiar sus desequilibrios presupuestariosy solventar sus proyectos de inversión están siendoapalancados en el Mercado de Valores, situación quese traducirá en un menor costo financiero y también,en una mayor profundización e inclusión de este mercado.Las fortalezas macroeconómicas son propiciaspara emitir estos documentos, dadas las bondades deeste título, la sobredemanda implicará que el gobiernocontrole a favor las emisiones realizadas. La estabilidaddel frente interno se ve reflejada en el comportamientode tendencia de las TIR de los bonos soberanos,hecho que se evidencia además, en los demás títulosque son emitidos por las principales economías delmundo, cuya lectura nos dice que la economía globalha entrado...

Objective: To relate how commodity exports impact to the tax revenues of the Central Government and the type of relationship that exists between direct and indirect taxes. Method: The type of research is correlational descriptive method was applied, structuring a correlation matrix and regression lines, for that was applied an official data from SUNAT, INEI, BCRP. Results: The study shows the greatest contribution of the IGV in tax collection, followed by income tax, but due to the degree of correlation reached, this last tax has a bigger incidence on tax collection. However, to contrast the mining exports with the direct taxes, it appreciates a weak and negative dependence relationship, in which it implies that the tax collection is weakly affected by the mineral exports. Conclusions: It concludes, by the grade and type of correlation obtained, that the increase in mining exports does n...

Objective: Determine how the monetary and fiscal measures implemented under a global health crisis scenario mitigated the negative effects on the national economy. Method: Descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional, and non-experimental research. Other information, obtained from official government sources, was used to perform statistical measurements. Results: A negative Pearson correlation was found between the issuance of money and the interest rate r = -0.46, which explains the fall in interest rates due to increases in working capital. The same type of relationship was found between the interest rate and business loans, with the coefficient r = -0.12, which shows the advance of loans due to the fall in the cost of money that generated favorable results in gross national product (GNP). Public spending contributed with a weak boost to this macroeconomic indicator, a fact that can be ...

The Government or sovereign bonds are configuring as an important source of funding for the Peruvian government. Capital needs to finance its budgetary imbalances and solve their investment projects are be-ing leveraged in the stock market, a situation that will result in lower financial costs and also, a greater deepe-ning and inclusiveness of this market. Macroeconomic strengths are conducive to issue these documents, given the benefits of this title, the oversubscription involve the government to monitor for issues made. The stability of the home front is reflected in the beha-vior tendency of TIR sovereign bonds, a fact that was also evident in the other securities issued by the major economies of the world, whose reading tells us that the global economy has come back to path of growth.

Objective: To relate how commodity exports impact to the tax revenues of the Central Government and the type of relationship that exists between direct and indirect taxes. Method: The type of research is correlational descriptive method was applied, structuring a correlation matrix and regression lines, for that was applied an official data from SUNAT, INEI, BCRP. Results: The study shows the greatest contribution of the IGV in tax collection, followed by income tax, but due to the degree of correlation reached, this last tax has a bigger incidence on tax collection. However, to contrast the mining exports with the direct taxes, it appreciates a weak and negative dependence relationship, in which it implies that the tax collection is weakly affected by the mineral exports. Conclusions: It concludes, by the grade and type of correlation obtained, that the increase in mining exports does n...