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artículo
The graphene, since 2004, had show some exceptional mechanical, thermal and electronic properties in se- veral configurations such as optical modulators, transistors, gas detectors, electrocromic devices, electrodes, thermal dissipaters and integrated circuits. There is an inconvenient in the atom by atom manipulation for obtain the specific properties for each function in each proposed device. We account between them, the disorder in the graphene structure and the intercalation of impurities in the hexagonal structure and the imperfections of the substrate that incorporate ripples in the graphene structure. Nevertheless, these do not modify the cones of the valence and conduction bands. The Dirac point remains. Other options has been suggested to induce a gap between the K and K′ symmetry points where lay the Dirac points in which converge the two charge carrier cones, electrons and h...
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