In our country, within the framework of the application of Legislative Decree 1044, the State’s business activity may constitute an act of unfair competition in the modality of violation of rules, provided that this activity of the State has not been developed as established in Article 60 of our Constitution. INDECOPI, through its various pronouncements, has developed criteria to address this problem. For this reason, this essay aims to assess whether the criteria determined by this administrative authority is sufficient to understand the activities of the State within our legal system. To do this, we will focus on the first level of analysis of this issue, which consists of the distinction of economic (business) and non-economic activities of the State, the latter being the target for criticism and an approach to solution, to obtaining a clearer path of participation from publi...

En nuestro país, bajo el marco de aplicación del Decreto Legislativo N° 1044, la actividad empresarial del Estado puede constituirse como un acto de competencia desleal bajo la modalidad de violación de normas, siempre que ésta no se haya desarrollado conforme el mandato establecido en el artículo 60° de nuestra Constitución. El INDECOPI, a través de sus diversos pronunciamientos, ha desarrollado criterios para abordar esta problemática, razón por la cual el presente artículo tiene como finalidad evaluar si los criterios determinados por esta autoridad administrativa resultan suficientes para comprender las actividades del Estado dentro de nuestro ordenamiento jurídico. Para ello, nos concentraremos en el primer nivel de análisis de esta temática, consistente en la distinción de actividades económicas (empresariales) y no económicas del Estado, siendo estas últ...

In this article, the author explores the ways in which the Public Administration has been promoting the implementation of regulatory compliance programs in the area of free competition and consumer protection. Thus, he takes as a reference the initially voluntary nature of these programs, and then analyzes the regulatory and jurisprudential treatment in the European Union, the United States, Peru and Chile. Finally, he adopts a critical stance against the imposition of these programs as corrective measures, formulating a series of recommendations for a better performance of the Public Administration.

In this article, the author explores the ways in which the Public Administration has been promoting the implementation of regulatory compliance programs in the area of free competition and consumer protection. Thus, he takes as a reference the initially voluntary nature of these programs, and then analyzes the regulatory and jurisprudential treatment in the European Union, the United States, Peru and Chile. Finally, he adopts a critical stance against the imposition of these programs as corrective measures, formulating a series of recommendations for a better performance of the Public Administration.

In our country, within the framework of the application of Legislative Decree 1044, the State’s business activity may constitute an act of unfair competition in the modality of violation of rules, provided that this activity of the State has not been developed as established in Article 60 of our Constitution. INDECOPI, through its various pronouncements, has developed criteria to address this problem. For this reason, this essay aims to assess whether the criteria determined by this administrative authority is sufficient to understand the activities of the State within our legal system. To do this, we will focus on the first level of analysis of this issue, which consists of the distinction of economic (business) and non-economic activities of the State, the latter being the target for criticism and an approach to solution, to obtaining a clearer path of participation from publi...

This article analyzes the application of the principle of subsidiarity in mortgage loans granted by the Banco de la Nación, highlighting the differing approaches of the Constitutional Court and Indecopi. The former emphasizes social need, while the latter prioritizes market competition and the adequacy of private supply, considering state intervention justified only when the private sector fails to meet demand effectively. In light of the lack of consistent criteria, we propose guidelines to assess subsidiarity in the granting of these loans and to prevent market distortions. Additionally, we present alternatives to ensure the continued operation of the Banco de la Nación, guaranteeing that its involvement respects the principle of subsidiarity and remains complementary to private banking.

This article analyzes the application of the principle of subsidiarity in mortgage loans granted by the Banco de la Nación, highlighting the differing approaches of the Constitutional Court and Indecopi. The former emphasizes social need, while the latter prioritizes market competition and the adequacy of private supply, considering state intervention justified only when the private sector fails to meet demand effectively.In light of the lack of consistent criteria, we propose guidelines to assess subsidiarity in the granting of these loans and to prevent market distortions. Additionally, we present alternatives to ensure the continued operation of the Banco de la Nación, guaranteeing that its involvement respects the principle of subsidiarity and remains complementary to private banking.

En el artículo se analiza la aplicación del principio de subsidiariedad en los créditos hipotecarios del Banco de la Nación, resaltando la diferencia de criterios entre el Tribunal Constitucional e Indecopi. El primero enfatiza la necesidad social, mientras que el segundo prioriza la competencia y la suficiencia de la oferta privada, considerando que la participación estatal solo se justifica si el sector privado no cubre adecuadamente la demanda. Ante la falta de criterios uniformes, proponemos lineamientos para evaluar la subsidiariedad en el otorgamiento de estos créditos y evitar distorsiones en el mercado. Además, presentamos alternativas para la subsistencia del Banco de la Nación, garantizando que su intervención respete la subsidiariedad y sea complementaria a la banca privada.

Un gran problema que ha sido materia de debate constante, y que en los últimos meses se ha acentuado, es determinar si resulta necesaria la intervención del Estado en el mercado mediante empresas públicas. La controversia se intensifica cuando se trata del mercado bancario; es un tema tan delicado que un error del Estado podría afectar gravemente la economía del país y, por ende, el bienestar general de la población, en tanto no solo afecta el buen funcionamiento del proceso competitivo, sino principalmente a los ciudadanos, quienes serían los principales perjudicados por el mal uso de los recursos públicos que son empleados para realizar actividad empresarial que no tenga ninguna justificación.