This study evaluates the effectiveness of advanced statistical and geospatial methods for analyzing radon concentration distributions in indoor environments, using the district of San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru, as a case study. Radon levels were monitored using LR-115 nuclear track detectors over three distinct measurement periods between 2015 and 2016, with 86 households participating. Detectors were randomly placed in various rooms within each household. Normality tests (Shapiro–Wilk, Anderson–Darling, and Kolmogorov–Smirnov) were applied to assess the fit of radon concentrations to a log-normal distribution. Additionally, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the influence of environmental and structural factors on radon variability. Non-normally distributed data were normalized using a Box–Cox transformation to improve statistical assumptions, enabling subsequ...

The study investigated the radon emission rate and potential radiological hazards of high-uranium-content building materials in The Ica area of Southwestern Peru. We used a creative technique that combined a closed chamber and active monitor, and it was improved by a hermetic sealing method to maintain secular equilibrium well. The results showed radon emission rates as low as below detection limits (BDL) up to 52.3 mBq/kg·h. Our analyses with a 3' x 3' NaI detector found radionuclide concentrations in cement samples by gamma spectrometry. We found a high positive correlation between radium activity concentration and radon exhalation rate. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K differ significantly, with maximum values reaching 60.6, 22.3, and 1074 mBq/kg·h. We consider these results significant for the safety of materials in the Peruvian construction sector. And we also ...

We present a bibliometric analysis of the advancements in machine learning for detecting radon nuclear tracks, using publications from 2001 to 2023 sourced from Scopus and Web of Science databases. We analyze the growth in research output, particularly highlighting contributions from China and the United States, and identify key themes such as "machine learning", "radon", "neural networks", and emerging methods like "xgboost" and "long short-term memory networks". Our findings underscore the collaborative efforts within the field, as evidenced by the global authorship networks. The research landscape is mapped out, revealing core and peripheral areas of study that define the current state and prospects of radon detection research. The present study encapsulates the evolution of the field and emphasizes the necessity for continued interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance radon risk asse...

This bibliometric review analyzes global research on COVID-19 vaccine side effects, focusing on publication trends, collaborations, and key topic areas. Using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix for data analysis and visualization, this study examines 1353 unique papers indexed in Scopus and Web of Science (2020–2024). The results indicate a significant increase in publications in 2021 and 2022, with the United States, China, and Europe contributing the most. While many studies focused on common side effects, such as headache, fatigue, and injection-site pain, rare but serious adverse events, such as myocarditis, thrombocytopenia, Guillain–Barré syndrome, pericarditis, and thrombosis, were also reported. However, regions with limited research infrastructure, particularly in developing countries, remain underrepresented despite the critical need for vaccine safety studies in these areas. Addi...

We present a bibliometric analysis of the advancements in machine learning for detecting radon nuclear tracks, using publications from 2001 to 2023 sourced from Scopus and Web of Science databases. We analyze the growth in research output, particularly highlighting contributions from China and the United States, and identify key themes such as "machine learning", "radon", "neural networks", and emerging methods like "xgboost" and "long short-term memory networks". Our findings underscore the collaborative efforts within the field, as evidenced by the global authorship networks. The research landscape is mapped out, revealing core and peripheral areas of study that define the current state and prospects of radon detection research. The present study encapsulates the evolution of the field and emphasizes the necessity for continued interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance radon risk asse...

The study investigated the radon emission rate and potential radiological hazards of high-uranium-content building materials in The Ica area of Southwestern Peru. We used a creative technique that combined a closed chamber and active monitor, and it was improved by a hermetic sealing method to maintain secular equilibrium well. The results showed radon emission rates as low as below detection limits (BDL) up to 52.3 mBq/kg·h. Our analyses with a 3' x 3' NaI detector found radionuclide concentrations in cement samples by gamma spectrometry. We found a high positive correlation between radium activity concentration and radon exhalation rate. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K differ significantly, with maximum values reaching 60.6, 22.3, and 1074 mBq/kg·h. We consider these results significant for the safety of materials in the Peruvian construction sector. And we also ...

In the present work, we investigate the concentration of radon and its alpha-emitting progeny at the archaeological site of Huaca 20 in Lima, Peru. The site holds significant cultural and historical importance as an ancient pre-Inca ruin, providing valuable insights into the lives and rituals of its former inhabitants. We quantified the radon levels accurately with passive CR-39TM detectors deployed within specially designed chambers at the site for 28 days. In a controlled laboratory environment, we processed the detectors afterward, examining and analyzing the resulting tracks using advanced microscopy and the ImageJ analysis software. The ground-level concentration of radon and its alpha-emitting progeny was determined, revealing elevated levels ranging from (2.4 ± 0.6) to (8.9 ± 0.9) (kBq/m^3). These findings underscore the unique presence of radon at Huaca 20 and highlight the pot...

El radón es la principal fuente de radiactividad natural, y su medición se considera extremadamente importante en la radioprotección, dado su relación con la ocurrencia de cáncer de pulmón. En los últimos dos años, se realizaron mediciones de este gas radiactivo en Lima considerando una cuadrícula de 5 km² y la densidad de población para determinar el número de mediciones a realizar. Se utilizaron detectores de trazas nucleares de nitrato de celulosa expuestos en modo desnudo y en modo de cámara de difusión para estimar las concentraciones de 222-Rn. En modo de cámara de difusión, se utilizaron monitores no comerciales y monitores comerciales. Se presentan los resultados del monitoreo para 43 distritos de la provincia de Lima, cuya población es aproximadamente de diez millones de habitantes ocupando una superficie total de 2655.15 km². Se realizaron mediciones obteniend...

Radon is the main source of natural radioactivity, and its measurement is considered extremely important in radioprotection, given its relationship with the occurrence of lung cancer. In the last two years, measurements of this radioactive gas were carried out in Lima considering a grid of 5 km2 and the population density to determine the number of measurements to be carried out. Cellulose nitrate nuclear track detectors exposed in bare mode and diffusion chamber mode were used to estimate 222Rn concentrations. In diffusion chamber mode, non-commercial monitors and commercial monitors were used. The monitoring results are presented for 43 districts of the Lima Province whose population is approximately ten million inhabitants occupying a total area of 2655.15 km2. Measurements were made obtaining an average concentration of 49 Bq·m−3 using bare detectors and 66 Bq·m−3 using non-com...