Este artículo evalúa cuatro subdisciplinas de la psicología peruana. Un desafío para el psicólogo organizacional es ajustar sus buenas prácticas a la evidencia científica; aquellas formuladas en Estados Unidos o Europa no son necesariamente relevantes a toda empresa y población local. La psicología del consumidor tiene impacto popular, pero los cultores no divulgan sus métodos y hallazgos con rigurosidad. Las contribuciones de la psicología comunitaria podrían fortalecerse si las hipótesis de origen psicoanalítico u otras perspectivas, fuesen formuladas con nitidez y sometidas a metodologías convencionales de evaluación de intervenciones. La psicología social peruana está contribuyendo al conocimiento de la rea-lidad nacional y presenta hallazgos originales en temas de reducción de pobreza, identidad nacional, bienestar personal y efectos de la geografía.

This article assesses four subdisciplines of Peruvian psychology. Organizational psychologists face the challenge of adjusting their good practices to scientific evidences; those studied in the United States or Europe are not necessarily relevant to all types of Peruvian organizations and populations. Consumer psychology has achieved popular impacts, but practitioners, either qualitative or quantitative, do not disseminate their methods and findings with rigor. Community psychologists’ contributions could improve if their hypotheses originated in psychoanalysis or other perspectives were formulated with clarity and tested by means of conventional techniques designed for the evaluation of interventions. Peruvian social psychology is contributing to the understanding of national realities and has generated original findings concerning poverty reduction, national identity, personal wellbe...

Southern women’s greater autonomy versus northern women’s more traditional submission to the husband were hypothesized in 1984 to explain variations in Peruvian women’s fertility desires. An analysis of data from Peru 2004-2008 Continuous Demographic and Family Health Survey supports this hypothesis by showing a significant north-to-south growth of women’s control upon husband’s income and, less consistently, household purchasing decisions. These relationships are not explained by variables also correlated with meridionality, such as aboriginal ethnicity, women’s material/informational power, age difference with the husband’s, or working for cash. Findings suggest new hypotheses, concerning the distribution of assertiveness and warmth in the Peruvian territory.

Replicating findings reported in the experimental social psychological literature, this field study found that a negative bias prevailed in the appraisal of a set of lectures given by eight psychologists: the mean rating for the set as a whole was significantly smaller than the mean rating for the individual Iectures. This occurred despite the fact that about 50o/o of the subjects (N = 50) produced higher ratings for the set than the lectures and was explained by the existence of greater differences between sct and lecture ratings in the cases of negative bias (set < lectures) than in those of positive bias (set > lectures). Since significant differences between subsamples of positive and negative bias were observed in the ratlngs for the set but not in the ratings for the Iectures, it was concluded that the bias took place in the process of integrating information for rating the w...

In order to counsel clients, provide methods, and make clinical references INPPARES' community promoters of contraceptives must know family planning technology. This article describes the construction of the Family Planning Knowledge Test for Promotors through a process which assured the test content validity, intemal consistency of scores, and parallel-test reliability. The test is presented in two equivalent versions, A and B, with 80 multiplechoice items esch. It generales separate scores for four thematic areas: Oral Contraceptives, Barrier Methods, Reproductive System, and Institucional Policy/Intrauterine Devices; additionally, it produces several composite scores and a total score. The test psychometric properties, research applications, and practical use are discussed.

The psychobiogeographic theory, considering the extent of exposure to ultraviolet radiation, predicts a latitudinal variation of mental health. An analysis of questionnaire responses from 12,604 women in the Peru 2000 Demographic and Family Health Survey was undertaken to test the hypothesis that physical and psychological violence exerted by husbands and parents against women increases with distance from the Equator. The observed effects of latitude were consistent with the theory in the Pacific desert, Sierra steppe, Puna, and Yunga sites, but not in the Amazon eco-region, which could be due to an excess of vitamin D produced north of 5º 50’ S. The theory’s hypotheses concerning urbanization and the Humboldt Current were supported, but the one on altitude was not

The P response in the Rorschach test is described as an empirical phenomenon, traditional interpretations concerning its meaning are discussed, and a new approach pertaining to the psychological processes underlying it is presen· ted. Then the relevant emp irlcal literature is reviewed. The findings in three domains (psycho-pathology, child development, and cross-cultural psychology) suggest that P can be regarded as a valid cognitive construct. As a personality construct, however, P remains in need of systematic validation.

The north-south fecundity axis consists of an ordinal relationship between a geographic dirnension (northern, central and southern planning regions of Peru) and the desire of children of Peruvian women, the desire being greater among northerners and smaller among southerners. Correlational, covariance, and regression analyses were Rerformed on the ENPA data bank (N = 6,437) in order to determine for the women with children of North, Center, and South (N= 1,765) whether the north-south fecundity axis could be accounted for by such variables as altitude/culture (coast, mountain), urbanization, education, income, work, conjugality, number of children alive, and number of children dead. The north-south fecundity axis proved to be independent of these variables,. although some interactions approached statistical sígnificance. A psychological interpretation of the findings was proposed. The n...

This study tested the hypothesis that the importance and valence of work factors are related by a V function: the greater the importance, the more extreme the positivo or negative valence. Importance pertained to abstract work dimensions (e.g., Pay) and valence to concrete elements (e.g., a salary of 1'200,000 soles). Tite results of between and within subjects correlational analyses supported the hypothesis, though in greater extent when ratings rather than rankings were used to measure importance.

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Se evalúan las bases empíricas y conceptuales de la proposición de que al trabajador peruano le gusta el modo autoritario de supervisión, considerando que varios científicos sociales han calificado de autoritario al patrón de relación supervisor-subordinado que prevalece en la sociedad peruana y han difundido esta noción tanto dentro como fuera de nuestro país. Algunos de estos científicos han sugerido que la actitud del trabajador frente al autoritarismo en la supervisión es más positiva en el Perú que en Estados Unidos, y de esta proposición han desprendido la conclusión de que al trabajador peruano no le agradaría un régimen laboral participacionista. Aunque estas afirmaciones se postularon en términos relativos (esto es, comparando peruanos y estadounidenses), se tiende a interpretarlas en términos absolutos. De este modo, teniendo en cuenta la significación socia...

Southern women’s greater autonomy versus northern women’s more traditional submission to the husband were hypothesized in 1984 to explain variations in Peruvian women’s fertility desires. An analysis of data from Peru 2004-2008 Continuous Demographic and Family Health Survey supports this hypothesis by showing a significant north-to-south growth of women’s control upon husband’s income and, less consistently, household purchasing decisions. These relationships are not explained by variables also correlated with meridionality, such as aboriginal ethnicity, women’s material/informational power, age difference with the husband’s, or working for cash. Findings suggest new hypotheses, concerning the distribution of assertiveness and warmth in the Peruvian territory.

Replicating findings reported in the experimental social psychological literature, this field study found that a negative bias prevailed in the appraisal of a set of lectures given by eight psychologists: the mean rating for the set as a whole was significantly smaller than the mean rating for the individual Iectures. This occurred despite the fact that about 50o/o of the subjects (N = 50) produced higher ratings for the set than the lectures and was explained by the existence of greater differences between sct and lecture ratings in the cases of negative bias (set < lectures) than in those of positive bias (set > lectures). Since significant differences between subsamples of positive and negative bias were observed in the ratlngs for the set but not in the ratings for the Iectures, it was concluded that the bias took place in the process of integrating information for rating the w...

In order to counsel clients, provide methods, and make clinical references INPPARES' community promoters of contraceptives must know family planning technology. This article describes the construction of the Family Planning Knowledge Test for Promotors through a process which assured the test content validity, intemal consistency of scores, and parallel-test reliability. The test is presented in two equivalent versions, A and B, with 80 multiplechoice items esch. It generales separate scores for four thematic areas: Oral Contraceptives, Barrier Methods, Reproductive System, and Institucional Policy/Intrauterine Devices; additionally, it produces several composite scores and a total score. The test psychometric properties, research applications, and practical use are discussed.

The psychobiogeographic theory, considering the extent of exposure to ultraviolet radiation, predicts a latitudinal variation of mental health. An analysis of questionnaire responses from 12,604 women in the Peru 2000 Demographic and Family Health Survey was undertaken to test the hypothesis that physical and psychological violence exerted by husbands and parents against women increases with distance from the Equator. The observed effects of latitude were consistent with the theory in the Pacific desert, Sierra steppe, Puna, and Yunga sites, but not in the Amazon eco-region, which could be due to an excess of vitamin D produced north of 5º 50’ S. The theory’s hypotheses concerning urbanization and the Humboldt Current were supported, but the one on altitude was not

The P response in the Rorschach test is described as an empirical phenomenon, traditional interpretations concerning its meaning are discussed, and a new approach pertaining to the psychological processes underlying it is presen· ted. Then the relevant emp irlcal literature is reviewed. The findings in three domains (psycho-pathology, child development, and cross-cultural psychology) suggest that P can be regarded as a valid cognitive construct. As a personality construct, however, P remains in need of systematic validation.

The north-south fecundity axis consists of an ordinal relationship between a geographic dirnension (northern, central and southern planning regions of Peru) and the desire of children of Peruvian women, the desire being greater among northerners and smaller among southerners. Correlational, covariance, and regression analyses were Rerformed on the ENPA data bank (N = 6,437) in order to determine for the women with children of North, Center, and South (N= 1,765) whether the north-south fecundity axis could be accounted for by such variables as altitude/culture (coast, mountain), urbanization, education, income, work, conjugality, number of children alive, and number of children dead. The north-south fecundity axis proved to be independent of these variables,. although some interactions approached statistical sígnificance. A psychological interpretation of the findings was proposed. The n...

This study tested the hypothesis that the importance and valence of work factors are related by a V function: the greater the importance, the more extreme the positivo or negative valence. Importance pertained to abstract work dimensions (e.g., Pay) and valence to concrete elements (e.g., a salary of 1'200,000 soles). Tite results of between and within subjects correlational analyses supported the hypothesis, though in greater extent when ratings rather than rankings were used to measure importance.

This article assesses four subdisciplines of Peruvian psychology. Organizational psychologists face the challenge of adjusting their good practices to scientific evidences; those studied in the United States or Europe are not necessarily relevant to all types of Peruvian organizations and populations. Consumer psychology has achieved popular impacts, but practitioners, either qualitative or quantitative, do not disseminate their methods and findings with rigor. Community psychologists’ contributions could improve if their hypotheses originated in psychoanalysis or other perspectives were formulated with clarity and tested by means of conventional techniques designed for the evaluation of interventions. Peruvian social psychology is contributing to the understanding of national realities and has generated original findings concerning poverty reduction, national identity, personal wellbe...