The contribution of executive functions (EF) in the academic achievement gaps associated with socioeconomic status (SES) has been a recurring research topic, especially during the preschool stage; However, it is not so frequent during primary training, taking into account that the EF have a late development and a potential plasticity during this period that make them sensitive to the experiences of the environment. For this reason, the present review aimed to analyze research related to the mediating role of the EF in the effects of the SES on academic achievement in primary school children. In addition, it is important to know the differential contribution of each component of the executive functions to academic achievement and if there are differences in the magnitude of the mediation when mathematics is separated from reading. Lastly, to confirm that EF have a particular and fundament...