Amazonian peatlands sequester and store large amounts of carbon below ground and contribute to regional biodiversity. They also present an outstanding opportunity for palaeoecological research. This study uses multiple peat cores to improve our understanding of the long-term development of a peatland (Quistococha) in Peruvian Amazonia, by providing a reconstruction of the spatial patterns of vegetation change and peat accumulation over time across the site. Peat cores taken along transects totalling c. 5 km were used to establish the peat thickness and visible stratigraphy. Of 29 new peat cores, four were selected for pollen analysis, supported by 15 radiocarbon dates. These complement two existing published pollen records from the site, from a peat core and a lake sediment core. Our study shows that peat initiation occurred across the site in the form of primary mire formation between 2...