The Pacific Tropical Rainforest and Equatorial Dry Forest are found only in southern Ecuador and northern Peru, and are among the most poorly known ecosystems of South America. Even though these forests are protected in Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape (PNCA), they are threatened by fragmentation because of farming and agriculture. The aim of this study was to determine the medium and large mammalian species richness, using transect census, camera trapping, and specimen bone collection. Nine transects were established and 21 camera trap stations were placed along 16 km2 in three localities of PNCA, from August 2012 to April 2013. Total sampling effort was 215 km of transects and 4077 camera-days. We documented 22 species; including 17 with camera trapping, 11 with transect census, and 10 with specimen collection.  Camera traps were the most effective method, and four species (Dasyproct...

The Noroeste Biosphere Reserve (NBR) is home to at least 22 species of medium and large mammals including the primates Alouatta palliata aequatorialis and Cebus albifrons aequatorialis. Previous estimates of A. p. aequatorialis population density vary from 2.3–8.6 ind/km2 in 1983 to 17–19 ind/km2 in 2005 and 2006, respectively. While for C. a. aequatorialis there are no estimates of population density in the NBR. In order to calculate the population density estimates for both species we installed six transects in 10.5 km2 within the Cerros de Amotape National Park (belonging to the NBR) from August 2012 to March 2013. Based on 112.3 km of transects we obtained a population density of 8.3 ± 3.6 ind/km2 for A. p. aequatorialis. However, for the reduced number of Cebus albifrons aequatorialis sightings we were only able to calculate a group size from three to 12 individuals and an enco...

The Pacific Tropical Rainforest and Equatorial Dry Forest are found only in southern Ecuador and northern Peru, and are among the most poorly known ecosystems of South America. Even though these forests are protected in Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape (PNCA), they are threatened by fragmentation because of farming and agriculture. The aim of this study was to determine the medium and large mammalian species richness, using transect census, camera trapping, and specimen bone collection. Nine transects were established and 21 camera trap stations were placed along 16 km2 in three localities of PNCA, from August 2012 to April 2013. Total sampling effort was 215 km of transects and 4077 camera-days. We documented 22 species; including 17 with camera trapping, 11 with transect census, and 10 with specimen collection.  Camera traps were the most effective method, and four species (Dasyproct...

La Reserva de Biósfera del Noroeste (RBN) alberga por lo menos 22 especies de mamíferos medianos y grandes entre las cuales se encuentran los primates Alouatta palliata aequatorialis y Cebus albifrons aequatorialis. Los estimados previos de la densidad poblacional de A. p. aequatorialis varían de 2.3‒8.6 ind/km2 en 1983 a 17‒19 ind/km2 en 2005 y 2006, respectivamente. Mientras que para C. a. aequatorialis no existen estimados poblacionales para la RBN. Para calcular la densidad poblacional de estas dos especies instalamos seis transectos lineales en 10.5 km2 dentro del Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape (perteneciente a la RBN) de agosto del 2012 a marzo del 2013. En base a 112.3 km de transectos se obtuvo una densidad poblacional de 8.3 ± 3.6 ind/km2 para A. p. aequatorialis; sin embargo, por el reducido número de avistamientos de Cebus albifrons aequatorialis solo se pudo calcu...

Catalysts based on Ni-Fe-a with a catalyst ratio of a = Ni/(Ni + Fe) (a = 0.8 and 0.9) supported on γ-Al2O3 were prepared by coprecipitation-deposition and tested for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethane. The bulk mixed samples exhibited 30% greater selectivity toward ethylene than did the corresponding simple oxide NiO. Meanwhile, the most selective sample, NiFe-0.9/γ-Al2O3, achieved a maximum of 94% at 400 °C. The remarkable selectivity of NiFe-0.9/γ-Al2O3 was attributed to the partial substitution effect of Ni2+ by Fe3+, thus allowing those catalysts to form oxygen sites that are specific for the partial oxidation of ethane to ethylene. Some additional factors that could have contributed to ethylene selectivity were the formation of low-reducibility species with controlled particle size, a better dispersion of the active phase over the support and the synergy of Fe3+ with...

Los estafilococos fueron descritos por Robert Koch, en 1878, como cocos dispuestos en racimos en los tejidos humanos. En 1882, William Ogston demostró su patogenicidad en ratones y caballos. Rosembach, en 1884, describió dos especies, Staphylococcus aureus, por el pigmento dorado de sus colonias, y Staphylococcus albus, por sus colonias blanquecinas.

Se identificaron las áreas según tipo de cultivo y se tomó una muestra compuesta por lote. Posteriormente se prepararon las 18 muestras recolectadas en el Laboratorio de Suelos de la Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán y analizaron los siguientes parámetros: textura (método de Bouyoucos), pH (método potenciométrico), calcáreo (método volumétrico), materia orgánica (método de Walkley y Black modificado), nitrógeno total (con el uso de un factor de conversión a partir de materia orgánica), fósforo (método de Watanabe y Olsen modificado) y potasa (método de Morgan). El trabajo estuvo basado en una metodología exploratoria, descriptiva, por no contarse con referencias cuantificadas sobre las características físico-químicas de los suelos del Huerto Olerícola-frutícola de Cayhuayna; del cual se llegó a determinar que la textura predominante en los suelos del Huerto...

Los estafilococos fueron descritos por Robert Koch, en 1878, como cocos dispuestos en racimos en los tejidos humanos. En 1882, William Ogston demostró su patogenicidad en ratones y caballos. Rosembach, en 1884, describió dos especies, Staphylococcus aureus, por el pigmento dorado de sus colonias, y Staphylococcus albus, por sus colonias blanquecinas.

Were identified as areas of cultivation and took a sample batch. Subsequently prepared the 18 samples collected in the Soil Laboratory of the National University Hermilio Valdizán and analyzed the following parameters: texture (Bouyoucos method), pH (potentiometric method), limestone (volumetric method), organic matter (method of Walkley and Black amended), total nitrogen (using a conversion from organic matter), phosphorus (method of Watanabe and Olsen amended) and potash (method of Morgan). The work was based on a methodology ¬ exploratory, descriptive, not to include references to quantified on the physicochemical characteristics of soils of orchard fruit Olerícola-Cayhuayna, which came to identify the predominant soil texture in the Garden Sandy is Cayhuayna of Franco with a low content of clay that shows a trend of erosion to be controlled by changing the irrigation system and th...

Isla Santay is an important Ecuadorian conservation area for native species, but with little information on mammals. Between August 2018 and January 2019, the richness and abundance of medium and large mammals was studied in two areas with different land use: undisturbed, and disturbed. We used a combination of camera trapping, direct observation, and indirect evidence (i.e. tracks, scat) for quantifying species richness. We recorded a total of six species, all observed in both zones, and three of them are currently included on the Red List of Mammals in Ecuador. In the undisturbed zone, Leopardus pardalis was the most frequently observed species and showed the highest activity; in the disturbed zone, L. pardalis and Procyon cancrivorus were the most active. Additionally, we reported the presence of Lontra longicaudis and Philander melanurus for the first time in this reserve. Several sp...

This paper describes the synthesis of copper (0) nanopowder via MW and SCF. From CuSO4.5H2O, CuO was obtained and from this precursor copper Formate (II) was synthesized with MW radiation of a household oven at 30% of power, for a period from 4 to 6 hours. Then, keeping the same power, reflux system is changed by a buld distillation, where the powders of copper (0) are obtained by decomposition of the precursor which autocatalized at (368-436 °K),this reducing conditions allows the transformation from Cu (II) to Cu (0). Also high volumes of Cu(0) nanopowder, were obtained using ethanol as SCF, in a reducing atmosphere of H2, at Tmax 270° C and at Pmax 2425 psi in a microreactor PARR model 4560 (100mL, 200 bars) applied on the copper precursor. The products were characterized by UV, XRD, FTIR, FRX.

This paper describes the synthesis of copper (0) nanopowder via MW and SCF. From CuSO4.5H2O, CuO was obtained and from this precursor copper Formate (II) was synthesized with MW radiation of a household oven at 30% of power, for a period from 4 to 6 hours. Then, keeping the same power, reflux system is changed by a buld distillation, where the powders of copper (0) are obtained by decomposition of the precursor which autocatalized at (368-436 °K),this reducing conditions allows the transformation from Cu (II) to Cu (0). Also high volumes of Cu(0) nanopowder, were obtained using ethanol as SCF, in a reducing atmosphere of H2, at Tmax 270° C and at Pmax 2425 psi in a microreactor PARR model 4560 (100mL, 200 bars) applied on the copper precursor. The products were characterized by UV, XRD, FTIR, FRX.

This work summarizes recent knowledge regarding the diversity and distribution of 11 Orders of mammals from Peru. Species information is presented for the country, ecoregions and, for the first time, by individual departments. Furthermore, we identified endemic species for the country and provided elevation ranges per species. To compile our information, we conducted an exhaustive review of the scientific literature and specimens in scientific collections, consulting with specialists when needed to verify records. We report 191 species belonging to the orders Didelphimorphia (46 spp.), Paucituberculata (2), Sirenia (1), Cingulata (5), Pilosa (8), Primates (42), Lagomorpha (2), Eulipotyphla (3), Carnivora (33), Perissodactyla (2), and Artiodactyla (47, including 32 cetaceans); 22 of these are endemic to Peru. Due to their high diversity and number of taxonomic changes, the Orders Chiropte...

This work summarizes recent knowledge regarding the diversity and distribution of 11 Orders of mammals from Peru. Species information is presented for the country, ecoregions and, for the first time, by individual departments. Furthermore, we identified endemic species for the country and provided elevation ranges per species. To compile our information, we conducted an exhaustive review of the scientific literature and specimens in scientific collections, consulting with specialists when needed to verify records. We report 191 species belonging to the orders Didelphimorphia (46 spp.), Paucituberculata (2), Sirenia (1), Cingulata (5), Pilosa (8), Primates (42), Lagomorpha (2), Eulipotyphla (3), Carnivora (33), Perissodactyla (2), and Artiodactyla (47, including 32 cetaceans); 22 of these are endemic to Peru. Due to their high diversity and number of taxonomic changes, the Orders Chiropte...