Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) often present with atypical clinical symptoms in EmergencyDepartments (ED), which hinders early detection. Traditional screening is based on “cough with expectoration ≥ 15 days”, however, some patients produce sputum, without coughing. Consequently, in this study, TB screening was performed through active case finding, regardless of the presence or duration of respiratory symptoms and included the Xpert MTB/RIF test. The study was carried out under field conditions at the Dos de Mayo National Hospital's ED in Lima, Peru from 2017-2018. The study enrolled patients age ≥ 18 years , who could produce sputum, regardless of cough duration. Patients with a current TB diagnosis were excluded. Additional personnel were assigned for obtaining the informed consent, administering questionnaires and collecting sputum samples. Smear, Xpert MTB/RIF an...