Taking into account decisions related to lands and territories of indigenous peoples, the article makes a socio-legal analysis of the situation of indigenous peoples, organized in rural and native communities. The first part discusses the lack of precision in national regulations on the concept of indigenous peoples in relation to communities, and then recounts various legal norms that constitute a setback in the protection of indigenous peoples’ rights. A succinct analysis is also made on collective titling policies, highlighting the tension with extractive activities such as mining and hydrocarbons. Finally, a specific case of the San Martin region is studied.

In Peru, there are fifty-one indigenous peoples recognized by the Peruvian State, one of which is the Kakataibo people, located between the Huanuco and Ucayali regions, which includes eight native Kakataibo communities, which have been threatened by third party invasions of their recognized and titled territories. However, the native community of Unipacuyacu still does not have a property title, fact that has produced more aggressive invasions of their territory, to the point that their indigenous leaders have been threatened and their community leader, Arbildo Meléndez, was murdered. The national and international norms have been reviewed, as well as the minimum standards of international law for indigenous peoples, where the Unipacuyacu case is analyzed in the light of these norms and the new public policies for the protection of human rights defenders.

Tomando en cuenta las decisiones relacionadas a tierras y territorios de pueblos indígenas el artículo hace un análisis socio- jurídico de la situaciónde los pueblos indígenas, organizados en comunidades campesinas y nativas. En una primera parte se pone en discusión la falta de precisión en la normativa nacional sobre el concepto de pueblos indígenas en relación a comunidades, para después hacer un recuento sobre diversas normas jurídicas que constituyen un retroceso en la protección de derechos de pueblos indígenas. También se hace un análisis sucinto sobre las políticasen materia de titulación colectiva, poniendo de manifestó la tensión con actividades extractivas como minería e hidrocarburos. Finalmente, se estudiaun caso concreto de la región de San Martin.Pueblos indígenas - comunidades campesinas y nativas - derecho de propiedad – territorio - constitució...