After a long series of terms used to define the displacement of disc material (either the nucleus pulposus or the fibrous ring), herniated discs were classified as bulging, focal protrusion, extrusion and sequestration. Herniated discs represent from 1% to 3% of all causes of low back pain. However, not all herniated discs are necessarily symptomatic: the presence or absence of symptoms depend on the size, location and extent of the herniated disc material in relation to the spinal canal, and whether or not it compromises the nerve roots. Several studies using magnetic resonance imaging and CT scans were performed during the 1980s and 1990s to asymptomatic individuals, and a significant number of these individuals who did not have any type of pain had disc protrusion and bulging.

Describe las alteraciones discales en resonancias magnéticas de columna lumbosacra en postulantes asintomáticos a una empresa productora de sanitarios. Desarrolla un estudio descriptivo, transversal, desde enero del 2013 a noviembre del 2015. Evalúa 559 resonancias magnéticas de columna lumbosacra de postulantes asintomaticos a una empresa productora de sanitarios. Encuentra que la prevalencia de postulantes con lesiones asintomáticas fue de 44.9% (n=251). Del total de postulantes asintomáticos, el 18% tuvo prominencia discal en al menos un nivel, el 20% protrusión discal, el 4% extrusión discal, sin observarse casos de secuestro. Adicionalmente, el 3% presentó hernia intracorporal de Schmorl. Según la regresión de Poisson ajustado, las asociaciones evidenciadas en el modelo crudo se mantuvieron estadísticamente significativas, por cada incremento en 5 años de la edad la pos...

Background: Formation of pterygium has been mainly attributed to exposure to the ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Other factors such as dry weather, wind exposure and microtrauma with dust particles, have been linked to development of pterygium. Objective: To determine the association between ocular exposure to particulate matter and development of pterygium. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in a company dedicated to the production and marketing of toilets. We included a total of 90 cases identified in November 2013 and 184 controls. The diagnosis of pterygium was based on clinical examination. Variables studied included age and job tenure of the participants. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effect of exposure on developing pterygium. Results: All study participants were male. The mean age of the cases and controls was 39.9 (SD 9.5) and 37.8 (SD 7.3) years, r...

Background: Formation of pterygium has been mainly attributed to exposure to the ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Other factors such as dry weather, wind exposure and microtrauma with dust particles, have been linked to development of pterygium. Objective: To determine the association between ocular exposure to particulate matter and development of pterygium. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in a company dedicated to the production and marketing of toilets. We included a total of 90 cases identified in November 2013 and 184 controls. The diagnosis of pterygium was based on clinical examination. Variables studied included age and job tenure of the participants. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effect of exposure on developing pterygium. Results: All study participants were male. The mean age of the cases and controls was 39.9 (SD 9.5) and 37.8 (SD 7.3) years, r...