Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de fungicidas no controle de doenças foliares da cultura de trigo, quando aplicados com diferentes modelos de pontas de pulverização. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições com esquema fatorial (4 x 3) + 1. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade de erro. Os fungicidas utilizados foram: Opera® (piraclostrobina + epoxiconazol) 0.75 L.ha-1, Opera® 0.75 L.ha-1 + Folicur® (tebuconazol) 0.3 L.ha-1, Priori Xtra® (azoxistrobina + ciproconazol) 0.3 L.ha-1, Priori Xtra® 0.3 L.ha-1 + Tilt® (propiconazol) 0.3 L.ha-1. Estes fungicidas foram aplicados com três modelos de pontas de pulverização de jatos planos: XR 11001 (gota fina), AIRMIX 11001 (gota média) e AVI 11001 (gota grossa). Foram avaliadas a incidênc...

The aim was to study the progress of the yellow spot, brown spot and leaf rust in wheat cultivar FUNDACEP 50 in Passo Fundo. Was evaluated the incidence of yellow spot [Drechslera tritici-repentis (Died) Drechs.] brown spot [Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.)] and leaf rust [Puccinia triticina (Eriks)]. Values obtained were integralized as Area Under the Disease Incidence Progress Curve (AUDIPC) and to analyze the progress of the disease was considered the disease progress rate (r), which was obtained with the Logistic and Gompertz. Determination coefficients were high (0.93 to 0.98), as well as the mean square error (4.0706 to 7.6831). The r were 0.02 to 0.22 units, while the accumulated AUDIPC 787.5, 1216.3 and 1338.8 units for yellow spot, brown spot and leaf rust, respectively. The two models used satisfactorily explain the progress of yellow spot and brown spot, while the Gompertz explai...

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de fungicidas no controle de doenças foliares da cultura de trigo, quando aplicados com diferentes modelos de pontas de pulverização. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições com esquema fatorial (4 x 3) + 1. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade de erro. Os fungicidas utilizados foram: Opera® (piraclostrobina + epoxiconazol) 0.75 L.ha-1, Opera® 0.75 L.ha-1 + Folicur® (tebuconazol) 0.3 L.ha-1, Priori Xtra® (azoxistrobina + ciproconazol) 0.3 L.ha-1, Priori Xtra® 0.3 L.ha-1 + Tilt® (propiconazol) 0.3 L.ha-1. Estes fungicidas foram aplicados com três modelos de pontas de pulverização de jatos planos: XR 11001 (gota fina), AIRMIX 11001 (gota média) e AVI 11001 (gota grossa). Foram avaliadas a incidênc...

The aim was to study the progress of the yellow spot, brown spot and leaf rust in wheat cultivar FUNDACEP 50 in Passo Fundo. Was evaluated the incidence of yellow spot [Drechslera tritici-repentis (Died) Drechs.] brown spot [Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.)] and leaf rust [Puccinia triticina (Eriks)]. Values obtained were integralized as Area Under the Disease Incidence Progress Curve (AUDIPC) and to analyze the progress of the disease was considered the disease progress rate (r), which was obtained with the Logistic and Gompertz. Determination coefficients were high (0.93 to 0.98), as well as the mean square error (4.0706 to 7.6831). The r were 0.02 to 0.22 units, while the accumulated AUDIPC 787.5, 1216.3 and 1338.8 units for yellow spot, brown spot and leaf rust, respectively. The two models used satisfactorily explain the progress of yellow spot and brown spot, while the Gompertz explai...

More than a century, cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in Ecuador has been an important source of income for farmers and currency for the country, becoming one of the biggest exporters worldwide. Then, gradually lost that status due to the attack of diseases, including moniliasis caused by [Moniliophthora roreri (Cif and Par) Evans et al.]. It can cause damage of up to 80% in production. Currently there is little scientific date information on its occurrence, symptoms, etiology, epidemiology, life cycle management or control strategies of that disease, by performing this review both these important topics, bringing with it to this area of knowledge.

More than a century, cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in Ecuador has been an important source of income for farmers and currency for the country, becoming one of the biggest exporters worldwide. Then, gradually lost that status due to the attack of diseases, including moniliasis caused by [Moniliophthora roreri (Cif and Par) Evans et al.]. It can cause damage of up to 80% in production. Currently there is little scientific date information on its occurrence, symptoms, etiology, epidemiology, life cycle management or control strategies of that disease, by performing this review both these important topics, bringing with it to this area of knowledge.

This study aimed to identify and quantify the causal agents of fungal leaf blights, and compare different assessment methods for disease quantification. The experiments were conducted with 20 medium cycle cultivars in Passo Fundo, Saint Augustus and Vacaria counties with three replications in randomized blocks. For evaluation 20 leaves were collected per plot, at flowering stage. Disease severity was estimated by the percent diseased leaf area and lesions number per leaf. For fungus etiology, twenty five discs of each leaf sample containing a lesion were subjected to a humid chamber. After three days incubation fungi identification was performed under a dissecting microscope. The mean incidence, number of lesions and severity data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by the Tukey’s multiple test at 5% significance level. The severity and lesions number were the mos...

This study aimed to identify and quantify the causal agents of fungal leaf blights, and compare different assessment methods for disease quantification. The experiments were conducted with 20 medium cycle cultivars in Passo Fundo, Saint Augustus and Vacaria counties with three replications in randomized blocks. For evaluation 20 leaves were collected per plot, at flowering stage. Disease severity was estimated by the percent diseased leaf area and lesions number per leaf. For fungus etiology, twenty five discs of each leaf sample containing a lesion were subjected to a humid chamber. After three days incubation fungi identification was performed under a dissecting microscope. The mean incidence, number of lesions and severity data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by the Tukey’s multiple test at 5% significance level. The severity and lesions number were the mos...

Phytophthora capsici is an oomycete that causes various symptoms, such as root, neck, stem, fruit rot, and leaf blight, in different plant species, including the genus Capsicum. One of the tools to counteract this biotic problem, which may be more profitable and respectful to the environment in the long term, is using biocontrollers such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces (bacteria), and Trichoderma (fungus). It seems that each of these microorganisms has different mechanisms that allow them to inhibit and reduce the growth of P. capsici, negatively affecting the development of sporangia, germination and motility of zoospores, and expansion of germ tube. Although this direct biocontrol action on the phytopathogen correlates with the reduction of symptoms in Capsicum plants or other plant species, this would also involve the activation of defense responses in plants against P. ...

Meloidogyne incognita root-knot nematode is one of the main causes of tomato root damage and consequently crop production losses. Thus, in in vitro conditions, the number of nematodes hatched eggs (%) at 4 and 6 days and nematode mortality (J2 stage) at 8, 18, and 24 h, were evaluated in Petri dishes containing the candidate rhizobacteria Enterobacter asburiae (BA4-19 and PM3-14), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (BM2-12), Klebsiella variicola (BO3-4) and Serratia marcescens (PM3-8). The well-known Pseudomonas protegens (CHA0) and P. veronii (R4) were used as controls. In greenhouse conditions, plant height, root weight, and symptoms, as well as gall and nematode numbers, were determined in tomato plants infected by M. incognita and treated with the seven rhizobacteria. In addition, all variables were correlated using Pearson's analysis. In general, a significant correlation was observed amon...