This article deals with the variation of the particle ni in sentences that refer to locative states in the Japanese language. The results of the analysis of the particles are presented: wa, ga, and no; as well as the alternation of use of the verbs arimasu and imasu. The corpus of the present work is divided into excessive and ineffective sentences, each one with its respective formalization following the proposal of Moreno Cabrera (2003). Finally, the postulated by Langacker (1987, as cited in Moreno, 2003) is demonstrated, who postulates that adjectives, adverbs and prepositions determine the relationship of timelessness and, although time is present, it is not relevant. In this way, the role of locativity is highlighted. In the analyzed sentences, it is shown that adverbs determine locative sentences.

The gentilics are used to refer to the name given to the people from a particular region or country. In Peru, studies that focus on the denominations of the place residents are almost nil. The objective of this survey is to analyze the gentilics of the districts of the province of Lima, those that belong to Metropolitan Lima and the Constitutional Province of Callao. For this, the words are listed and studied according to the lexicographic technique. The research concludes with the importance of knowing the gentilics, their meaning, their writing and their spelling variants, features linked to the identity of the locals.