Based on a historical analysis, this article analyzes the loss of autonomy, colonization and territorial dispossession of the Mapuche Williche people in the Fütawillimapu. A process that began to take shape with the signing of the Tratado de las Canoas in 1793, to later begin with a gradual process of land dispossession by the Spanish Crown and later by the nascent state of Chile. The latter supported the «German colonization» with the idea of opening and expanding foreign trade, this accelerated the modernization and agro-livestock production of capitalist cut, and with that the emergence of a new economic-political elite and the process of land usurpation accelerated by means of violence and other practices to expand the economic area. Thus began a process of modernization and agro-livestock production in the region at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century.

The duplex with double height is an intriguing and underutilized housing typology that stands out by doubling the internal height of the apartment, facilitating the spatial connection between environments on different levels. Unlike the flat typology, characterized by a single horizontal space, the duplex with double height offers a distinctive spatial alternative. This research focuses on uncovering the history and characteristics of the duplex with double height as an option to improve spatial quality. In Lima, the influence of Le Corbusier is reflected in forty buildings that adopt this typology, combining classical and contemporary architectural solutions. The methodology used included searching for projects in Lima with this characteristic and conducting interviews with architects and users. The opinions were analyzed using the ATLAS.ti software, and the conclusions reflect the moti...

El trabajo de investigación se plantea como una recuperación de una forma de vivienda desechada por urbanizadores y planificadores modernos pero mantenida y preservada por sus pobladores, como única alternativa urbana de vivienda económica real. El redescubrimiento de su existencia y supervivencia nos permite plantear un proyecto, como tesis de grado, que busca sus términos de coherencia en una reinterpretación a partir de ejemplos similares a los planteados. La similitud con ejemplos existentes asegura la aceptación de los propuestos por pobladores de niveles equivalentes. A este respecto es posible que existan actitudes desde las cuales la propuesta a desarrollar tenga como defectos su supuesta apariencia repetitiva y sin diferenciación suficiente. Esta razón es la misma que la condujo al abandono de la modalidad aquí revalorizada y que por el contra rio, la imagen urbana con...