In Huanuco Quechua, there is an alternation in the use of the direct evidential {-mi} within sentences describing maintenance processes. The main objective of this work is to describe such evidentiality in processes of internal and external experience, as well as in others that refer to a notion of control that transmits certainty about the veracity of the statement in an alternate way. As explained by Floyd (1997), in the semantic network of such particle are grouped uses that at first glance may seem incompatible, but are related. For the analysis, formalizations of formal semantics are used (Montague, 1970), which give an account of the syntactic structures involved in the states and the processes derived from them. It is concluded that the use of the suffix '-mi' has an alternation motivated by semantic factors oriented to the experience gradually.

In Peru, language policies include a set of regulations that ensure the use and maintenance of the different languages spoken in its territory. However, these legal frameworks are not effectively enforced and are transgressed. For this reason, three cases of violation of the rights of indigenous populations were selected, in which the existence of factors that cause the ineffectiveness of language policies in Peru is proposed. These files were collected from online government repositories and examined from an analytical-descriptive perspective. Finally, the review of the data revealed the existence of practices that marginalize indigenous communities based on the ideology of a hegemonic language, which leads to centralized public policies, invisibilization of indigenous populations and non-compliance with laws benefiting native languages