INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis B is a transmissible disease, it is estimated that globally more than two billion people in the world have been infected with hepatitis B virus, of which 350 million are chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen, and this chronic infection causes cirrhosis and liver cancer. In Peru, hyperendemic zones have been detected in the country's jungle. Cajamarca is the third department with the highest rates of liver and bile duct cancer. Celendín is a district located in Cajamarca, which borders the jungle, and maintains a high contact with it for trade and tourism. There have been no previous studies of this virus in Cajamarca ́s population. OBJECTIVE: to determine if there is a high seroprevalence of the hepatitis B virus in the adult population of the Celendín-Cajamarca district, in 2018. MATERIAL AND METHODS: a cross-sectional study was carried out in 404 in...

The dairy activity, based on pastures, represents the main source of income for the rural population of the Andes of northern Peru. The objective was to evaluate biomass yield, growth rate, plant height, Crude Protein (CP), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM) and metabolizable energy (ME) of 22 genotypes of Lolium spp. in three Andean floors (AF) (AF I: 2300 - 2800, AF II: 2801 - 3300 and AF III: 3301 - 3800 masl) in northern Peru. Better biomass (7662 kg dry material (DM) ha-1 year-1) and growth rate (21.0 kg DM ha-1 day-1) showed AF I for Lolium perenne L., however AF III stood out in yield (9,041 kg MS ha-1 year-1) and growth rate (24.8 kg DM ha-1 day-1) for Lolium multiflorum L. The mean ME was 2.61 Mcal kg-1 MS and 2.43 Mcal kg-1 MS for L. perenne and L. multiflorum, respectively. The nutritional values of both varieties are adequate for feedi...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive performance and nutritional value of seven clover genotypes at three altitude levels (PA I: 2300-2800 m above sea level, PA II: 2801-3300 and PA III: 3301-3800) of the northern highlands of Peru during a year. Four genotypes of white clover (Trifolium repens) and three genotypes of red clover (Trifolium pratense) were installed in each altitudinal floor (PA). The germination power, weight and purity of the seeds were evaluated to ensure the viability of the number of seeds sown. The yield (kg DM ha-1year-1), growth rate (kg DM ha-1day-1), plant height (cm) and nutritional value for each genotype were determined. The highest yields and the best growth rates (p<0.01) in the three PAs corresponded to the three varieties of Trifolium pratense (Tuscan, Americano and Relish). PA I (p<0.01) obtained the highest dry matter production (12 340.6...

Background Evaluation of forage resources is vital for the sustainability of livestock farming in the South American Andes, especially under conditions of low water availability for irrigation and acid soils. Methods We evaluated the productivity and nutritive value of two cultivars of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and one of plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) in three high-altitude sites (AL) of the northern highlands of Peru: AL-I: 2300–2800 m.a.s.l, AL-II: 2801–3300 m.a.s.l. and AL-III: 3301–3800 m.a.s.l., for 1 year. The parameters evaluated were dry matter yield (DMY), plant height (PH), growth rate (GR) and nutritional value. Results Plantain achieved the greatest annual DMY (ADMY), PH and GR compared to the two chicory cultivars (9.34, 9.56 and 13.39 Mg ha−1 for Puna II and Sese 100 chicory and Tonic plantain, respectively; p = 0.0019). The greatest ADMY and ...

El estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar el efecto de dos dietas sobre el comportamiento productivo, características de la canal y calidad de la carne del cerdo criollo negro cajamarquino. Se emplearon 32 lechones destetados, distribuidos en cuatro tratamientos con cuatro repeticiones por cada tratamiento y dos animales por repetición. La mitad de los cerdos fueron alimentados con desechos de restaurante y residuos de camal de aves y la otra mitad con un concentrado de maíz y soya. La mitad de cada grupo fueron machos castrados y la otra mitad hembras. Se llevó un registro de pesos de los cerdos. A los 120 días de engorde fueron sacrificados, determinándose las características de la canal y la calidad de carne a través del músculo Longissimus lumbar. Se encontró una interacción significativa entre alimentación x sexo en el peso vivo final y conversión alimenticia (p<0.05). El pe...

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects feeding in Cajamarca Black Creole sows on reproductive performance. Sows (24 nulliparous) were assigned randomly within to 2 treatments and maintained on these treatments for up to 2 reproductive cycles. A Sows group were fed with concentrated feed (CON) and the other group with restaurant food waste (DAR), from 5 months of age, during gestation, lactation and weaning-to-mating interval and were housed either in individual pens. Sows fed DAR had smaller (p< 0.05) weaning litter weight (40.33 vs. 45.72 kg) and had more (p< 0.05) piglets dead in lactation (4.2 vs. 1.7) than sows fed CON. Sows of first parity tended to farrow litters with less weight (born alive, 8.4 vs. 9.3 kg; p< 0.10) and had fewer pigs at weaning (6.7 vs. 7.5; p< 0.10) compared with second parity sows. Body weight of sows weaning sows increase (p< 0.05) in the second r...

The Andean valleys of Peru communicate with certain difficulties with the coastal region through penetration roads; these valleys are sources of organic food products, so the optimal use of resources obtained in the same place can strengthen the agriculture of the Peruvian Andes. This research evaluated the quality of nine composts produced in the Condebamba valley from poultry manure (G), cattle manure (EV) and guinea pig manure (C), in mixtures with maize residues (RM), wood shavings (V) and sugarcane bagasse (BC), and inoculated with efficient microorganisms. The investigation was carried out for 70 days. Composting piles were distributed according to completely randomized design with nine treatments with four replicates where treatments were: G-RM, G-V, G-BC, EV-RM, EV-V, EV-BC, C-RM, C-V and C-BC. The highest content of organic matter and nitrogen were observed in composts with poul...

Este trabajo fue financiado por el CONCYTECFONDECYT en el marco de la convocatoria Proyecto Investigaci?n B?sica y Aplicada, 2017-02 [Convenio N? 157-2017-FONDECYT].

El estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar el crecimiento y comportamiento reproductivo de la gallina criolla de huevo con cáscara verde procedente de la provincia de Chota, Cajamarca (Perú). Se colectaron 500 huevos y se incubaron artificialmente para determinar su incubabilidad. En los pollos resultantes se evaluó el crecimiento en confinamiento durante 16 semanas. Luego, las aves fueron apareadas (5 hembras y 1 macho) y se determinó la producción y peso del huevo de seis biotipos e incubabilidad bajo incubación natural. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p<0.05) en el crecimiento y tamaño de los seis biotipos evaluados. La gallina inició la ovoposición entre 17 y 19 semanas de edad, con periodos de postura de siete semanas interrumpidos por una etapa de cloquera que puede durar hasta tres semanas. La incubabilidad se vio influenciada por las condiciones y tipos de incubaci�...

The inclusion of a pre-mix of unconventional ingredients (PM-INC) with lupine, vicia, flaxseed and wheat as part of milk replacer (LR) was evaluated. Twenty-four newborn Holstein male calves, distributed in three treatments were used: T1: whole milk (LE), T2 (LR-LDMC): LR with 80% skim milk (LD) + 20% lard, T3 (LR-LDINC): LR with 75% LD + 25% PM-INC. The LE and LR were supplied from birth to weaning (eight weeks), the starter feed was supplied from the second week and alfalfa hay from the sixth week. No significant differences were observed between treatments for feed consumption, ratio feed/gain, body weight, weight gain, or size. However, a lower cost of weaning calf was found for feeding in the LR-LDINC treatment equivalent to S/. 13.37 less with respect to the treatment LE and S/. 13.51 less with respect to the LR-LDMC treatment. It is concluded that, the Holstein male calf crossed f...

Livestock farming feed in the northern highlands of Peru is based on the association of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) ecotype cajamarquino–white clover (Trifolium repens L.) Ladino variety, which constantly varies in its agronomic characteristics and nutritional value due to management considerations and its association with the soil and the animal. The objective of this study was to evaluate yield, plant height, growth rate, tillering, tiller number, spikelets, basal diameter in ryegrass, elongation rate, internode length and decline points in clover over one year. Nutritive value was represented by crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM) and metabolisable energy (ME) at three cutting frequencies (30, 45 and 60 days). Better yield (5588 kg DM ha) and plant height (47.1 cm) were shown by the 60-day cutting frequency; however, t...

Sustainable Kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) production in the Peruvian highlands was evaluated through productivity, growth, and chemical composition. This study assessed the effects of nitrogen (N) rate, organic matter application, and cutting frequency on Kikuyu grass’s yield, chemical composition, plant height, and growth rate. The experiment followed a randomised block design with split plots. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) assessed the differences across study factors. Applying 120 kg of N ha−1 yr−1 raised the protein yield to 3454.53 kg ha−1, with a crude protein (CP) content of 23.54%. Moreover, fencing with cypress (Cupressus lusitanica) trees influenced the Kikuyu biomass, producing 19,176.23 kg of dry matter (DM) ha−1 yr−1 at 8.5–11.5 m from the tree base. Organic matter enhanced the Kikuyu aboveground biomass. While dry matter production showed no ...

Gold mining is the largest source of mercury (Hg) pollution worldwide. The discharge of mercury in the environment bears direct human health risks and is likely to increase cascading effects throughout local food chains. In the Peruvian Amazon the mining process consists of slashing and burning trees, followed by extraction of gold-bearing sediment, amalgamation with Hg and gold recovery, leading each year to the degradation of 6,000-10,000 ha and the release of 180 metric tons of Hg per year to the enviroment. The purpose of this study was to determine soil Hg levels in soils of abandoned alluvial gold mine spoils and undisturbed forest in the Madre de Dios region, the epicenter of alluvial gold mining in Peru. We selected gold mine spoils of the two most important technologies locally applied for gold extraction, i.e., Minimally Mechanized Mining (MMM) and Highly Mechanized Mining (HMM...