In this paper we look forward to present particular characteristics of a peruvian north coast valley in a historical process of capitalist agrarian modernization and the victory of the cotton monoculture between the 16th and 21th century. The valley of La Chira is organized from the viceroyalty times in large properties and rural peasant communities. The spatial area that it includes are the provinces of Paita and Sullana. To the interior of this geographical space it is organized a mercantile parcel agriculture which exploits to the maximum the riverbank and moisturized lands that were disputed between large farms and the indigenous communities like Querecotillo, Colán and Amotape. In the 20th century the great agrarian property assumes the form of companies associating the wage labor and the peasant ‘colonato’ work. In La Chira river’s mouth there survives the agrarian indigenou...

This research paper studies the different kinds and meanings assumed by slavery and spatial segregation in Piura highlands between the years 1750-1850 while examining prosecutions of their local large landowners. In 16th century, the Incas used the ‘mitimae’ multi-ethnic people to colonize Piura highlands. In the same way, in 18th century, the Spaniards and Creoles used slave workforce to expand large rural properties (cattle ranches andhaciendas) and also organized small urban centers (towns and villages) such as Ayabaca, Huancabamba and Guarmaca, with the objective of reproduce and repotence the economy related to husk (cascarilla), cattle and tobacco with the populations settled in the jungle mountains of Loja and Jaén de los Bracamoros. Spatial segregation was a mechanism used by the elite during the rule of the Bourbons and the early peruvian republic to control afro-descendant...

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This report contains a general vision of the social and political processes that were experienced by the communities, villages and cities located in the high Andean area of Huanuco. We examine, in particular, the microregion of Huamalíes near the Marañon river whose communities practice a seasonal agriculture on small plots associated with complex dynamic systems of migration toward surrounding mining areas and the coca rainforest of Monson. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries two social groups emerge and consolidate with hegemonic power: Llata and La Union. The democratic and authoritarian options are expressed and diffused to the interior of the urban nuclei that evolve from villages to cities in their desire to be connected to the national oligarchical power and to conquer basic services in order to modernize their regional economies.

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This report aims at systematising the actions deployed by the national republican state over a region when trying to centralise and articulate its general and institutional policies while facing the emergence of a new regional elite settled in two Andean micro valleys of tributary rivers of Marañon: Llata and Aguamiro. Since 1845 the state intensifies the centralisation of its bureaucratic apparatus and its presence in the borders of Huamalies. The political hegemony of Llata will be challenged by other towns lead by Aguamiro and Huallanca that split the provincial unity of Huamalies and foster the creation of the province of Dos de Mayo. In short, we examine a set of variables that include geography, administration of justice, politics and regional identity in order to reconstruct and reflect on the links between State and Nation in the 19th. century.

Hacendados y pequeños agricultores indígenas estuvieron presentes en la sociedad y la economía piurana para construir un sistema agrario que permitiera el desarrollo de esta región costeña del norte del Perú en las primeras décadas del siglo XIX. Nuestro ensayo intenta introducirse en las discusiones sobre el avance de la frontera productiva y la entrega de la tierra pública a los pueblos indígenas en un tiempo histórico de crisis política que va desde las Cortes de Cádiz a la obra gubernativa de Simón Bolívar. Para este efecto revisamos la bibliografía producida y sistematizamos los datos y materiales de archivo con la finalidad de examinar las particularidades y la dinámica de una cultura política indígena que reafirma la vida y la historia del pueblo y los hombres de Catacaos

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The main objective of this article is to explain the essencial role that played the municipalities of Morropón and Chulucanas for the consolidation of the populated centres inside Morropón and Yapatera large states. It also makes an effort to expose the protagonism of municipalities’ leadership handling a political and juridical culture, and fighting for the hegemony and power against Arrese family in a time of construction of state and republic in Piura’s region in the 19th century. Consulting manuscript sources of Piura’s Regional Archive and the Congress of the Republic we try to confront the beliefs and speeches and face them up with the historical reality of a region in a development process, and to include the political logic of these agglomerations of rural colonists, black freedmen, half-caste and Creole smallholders that have migrated and suited in these urban groups tha...

In this paper we try to reconstruct the historicity of a regional space, the political life of a set of social actors in their role of builders of a singular significance and a cultural horizon that allows them to assume –for example– a model of social representation (Junta de Gobierno) and increase the possibility to establish a new socio-ethnic autonomous power. In order to understand the sense of direction of this social movement, we work in reconstruct the economic situation, the thinking and the social forms that were assumed by the urban and rural groups that coexisted inside of a political Bourbon model. The struggles of these groups that were looking for a new configuration of the Bourbon model caused them to take up arms using violence against the institutional symbols but also focus in the resistance under negotiation mechanisms, alliances and slogans of the imminent arriva...

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Este ensayo es un primer intento de reflexión sobro la obra y el pensamiento historiográfico de Jorge Basadre. Luego de revisar un lote de estudios ingresamos a explorar las influencias del pensamiento historiográfico europeo en la reflexión teórica e historiográfica de Basadre. Asociamos su vida política con su tarea historiográfica y su propuesta de construir una nueva perspectiva historiográfica nacional.Examinamos su paso dela historia historicista a la historia ciencia y sus reflexiones sobre los límites y las virtudes de las tendencias historiográficas hegemónicas en los 70: la escuela de los Annales y el materialismo histórico.Finalmente, adjuntamos un primer catálogo bibliográfico sobre la temática de la teoría de la historia y la historiografia consultada en sus principales obras escritas.

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In this essay historical-anthropological bibliography on the rural society of Catacaos is reviewed to locate the importance of this social group in the socio political history of the north coast. Next the autor examines the strutural factors of the Word of the yunga comunal peasants (land, wáter, work) and their answers to the challenges of the viceregal colonial market. Finally, he examines the ideas and the Project of economic progress of a enlightened Biscayan, Don Joaquin of Helguero y Gorgoya, to overcome the eycle of economic stagnation of the Piuran economy and its visión of the indigenous peasant society in the productive sphere to achieve this plan of economic autonomy at the beginning of the XIX century.

In this essay we intend to explore interactions and prosecutions that lived black people in freedom and slavery, introducing us to the study of their daily life, manumission processes and social politization during the goverment of the Bourbons. For this purpose we review demographic size and composition, labor world, land struggles, meaning and importance of Afrodescendants legal proceedings to continue resisting the Spanish colonial state and legislation.

In this essay we approach a subject that has been little studied in Piura›s regional historiography: the man as an regional landscape modeller agent. We seek to describe characteristics of colonial geography related to a regional northern space, explore dynamics and flows of livestock (cattle) production farms, and study indigenous communities people. We synthesize a chapter of the «Piura’s Economic Report (1804)», written by don Joaquin de Helguero, in order to introduce you knowledge about ecological archipelagoes that were named at that time «Los Valles» (“The Valleys”), and also Piura’s mountains. Diversity exploration of variables tied to geographical dimensions and economy will allow us to enter in the knowledge of the conjuncture of regional crisis and the particular situation of the indigenous and highland companies that crosses this region after the FEN of 1791

A reading and examination of a criminal-judicial process located in Piura’s Regional Archive allows us to reconstruct the life his-tory of a ‘zambo pardo’. This manuscript let us acknowledge legislation and function of Bourbon judicial bureaucracy related to an afrodescendant’s legal claim for respect of his civil rights. In a historical context of war between Spain and Great Britain, an english naval assault takes place at the port of Payta (1805) that mobilizes the viceroyal authorities. In Piura’s city an increasing fear explodes, related to afrodescendant population that could join this english armed assault, making judges being obliged to display every legal and physical force to execute ‘public and exemplary’ punishment to black people who attacked Isidoro Gorrichátegui, a ‘zambo pardo’, known as a successful merchant with deals between Piura and Panama, but also...