Peruvian agricultural export products have gained importance in world markets in recent years. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to compare the level of competitiveness of the five main Peruvian products against similar products from other Latin American countries in a pre-pandemic and energy crisis development period (2010-2019). For this, two categories were analyzed: the level of specialization and the level of competitiveness with the competitiveness matrix modified by Lacayo and Morales in 2007. The study found a high level of specialization in all the Peruvian products analyzed, especially for the Blueberry category; likewise, the Grape, the Blueberry and the Avocado presented high levels of competitiveness; while Coffee and Asparagus were the least competitive due to their low performance in the analysis of the level of specialization.

La investigación buscó analizar los niveles de competitividad de los cinco productos agrícolas más representativos de Países Bajos comparándolos con sus principales competidores; se utilizó la matriz de competitividad modificada por Ramón Lacayo y Cristian Morales a la matriz de la CEPAL; se analizó también indicadores RCA y ICTB. Como resultados, Países Bajos evidenció un alto grado de especialización en todos los productos estudiados, demostrando tener una gran ventaja comparativa y una competitividad elevada o constante con los principales países importadores; convirtiéndolo así en un referente para la producción y exportación agrícola en Latinoamérica y en los países en vías de desarrollo.

Within the member countries of the European Union, Romania is consolidated as the country with the sixth largest agricultural area and the fifth largest arable area; this natural advantage allows it to be a major agricultural producer and possibly a potential agro-exporter in the world. This research sought to analyse the competitiveness levels of the Romanian agro-export sector through its five most representative products using a competitiveness matrix; as a complement to the analysis, the Revealed Comparative Advantage indicator was used; the information was extracted from the ITC-TradeMap. As general results, Romania evidenced a solid agro-export sector, which manages to compete with the main exporters in the world and even manages to take advantage of different categories of the selected target markets, as is the case of Sunflower Seed.