The objectives of this paper are to explore and describe how social relations sustain the creation of particular paradigms and those of their own intellectuals. In this sense, it is relevant to show situations in which the economic and political interests of the state powers demanded the cultural domain to strengthen social cohesion. For this reason, historical cases, that explain the causal relationship between religion and morality, are presented. These causal relations, formalized at the level of dogma, inhibited the creative development of knowledge and, therefore, the economy and politics. We warn that the dogmatic culture, which dominated and continues to dominate the global social panorama, could not avoid dissidence. In the historical route of this dissidence, in favour of the reason and the truth, heretics will be pointed out, also free thinkers and intellectuals. A key question...

This project aims to evaluate the different positions adopted by indigenous elite in order to explain and justify the political, economic and cultural changes that came up after the Spanish conquest of the Tawantinsuyo. The realization of this project was based on the hermeneutic methodology with the purpose of interpreting the Andean historical and social context from the most representative authors’ books and works. In this regard, the accusations of political oppression and cultural alienation suffered by indigenous people, systematized by Guamán Poma de Ayala, and the integration proposal of the Andean and Spanish civilization through cultural miscegenation developed by Inca Garcilaso de la Vega are highlighted.

The objectives of this paper are to explore and describe how social relations sustain the creation of particular paradigms and those of their own intellectuals. In this sense, it is relevant to show situations in which the economic and political interests of the state powers demanded the cultural domain to strengthen social cohesion. For this reason, historical cases, that explain the causal relationship between religion and morality, are presented. These causal relations, formalized at the level of dogma, inhibited the creative development of knowledge and, therefore, the economy and politics. We warn that the dogmatic culture, which dominated and continues to dominate the global social panorama, could not avoid dissidence. In the historical route of this dissidence, in favour of the reason and the truth, heretics will be pointed out, also free thinkers and intellectuals. A key question...

Most of our economists affirm that we are already a western and modern country and they try to convince us, in a way that is not consistently explained to us, that Peruvian society has been empowered within the framework of liberal capitalism, reinforcing this position in a national state and in the positivist reason of science. In the present text we affirm that these factors have indeed been installed in Peru; but in a defective way. Worse still, in order to achieve this, the use of exclusionary, instrumentalist and totalitarian methods was not spared in the face of other, non-liberal, non-scientific and non-Europeanizing discourses.

A comprehensive understanding of social management in the La Libertad region requires the analysis and evaluation of substantive achievements and critical factors experienced in the economic, political, cultural and environmental dimensions. Therefore, an analysis of the region's water resources must link them to their role as the most important catalyst of the productive vocation and the forms of political and cultural organization of its regional societies from pre-Hispanic times to the present. In this sense, we are interested, on the one hand, in contrasting, from a cost-benefit approach, both the agro-industrial dynamics and the mining activity and industrial processes installed in the region. On the other hand, we are interested in analyzing the trends of the conflict between the regional comparative advantage expressed in its diversity of water sources (which allow it to expand it...

After establishing the impact of the postmodern proposal on contemporary consciousness, the author focuses on the matrices of the debate generated in Peru (the regenerative, traditional and postmodern options) to, with these instruments, discuss the dissociation between the abstract and the deductive ones of modernity that would characterize the Peruvian problematic. Finally, he discusses López Soria's approaches, the autonomization of discourse, the economic dimension, the absence of alternatives, and the urgency of regenerating politics.

En el Perú, la investigación, el desarrollo experimental y la innovación muestran nsuficientes niveles de cobertura y calidad; pero, sobretodo, no abarcan la pertinencia necesaria para incrementar la productividad, la competitividad y el desarrollo humano al nivel de los estándares internacionales. Es por ello que el crecimiento que ha experimentado la economía peruana en la presente década se basa, esencialmente, en el potencial que ofrecen sus recursos naturales en un contexto macroeconómico y comercial favorable. En esta tesis, analizando y evaluando los factores críticos que nos ha conducido a una situación de extrema dependencia tecnológica -que retroalimenta un modelo de crecimiento económico basado en la exportación de recursos naturales con bajo valor agregado-, señalamos que las causas que permiten explicar la débil gestión del conocimiento, expresada en su limita...

Se presenta un estudio de los presupuestos de apertura (2003-2005) de las Instituciones y Universidades Públicas que conforman el Sistema Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica (SINACYT) y se plantean dos premisas presupuestales para el estudio de la Ley Marco de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica.