El presente estudio identifica el patrón de cambio de cobertura forestal en el periodo 2002 – 2021, utilizando índices de vegetación y Cadena de Markov en la Reserva Nacional Alpahuayo Mishana, Loreto, Perú, para predecir el comportamiento de los usos de suelo al año 2030. La investigación fue de tipo descriptivo, con undiseño no experimental. Para ello, se utilizaron el índice de vegetación de Landsat 7 Enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM+) y Landsat 8 Operational land images (OLI) para evaluar la pérdida decobertura forestal para los años 2002 y 2021. Asimismo, la cadena de Markov permitió predecir la cobertura forestal para el año 2030. Los resultados de la predicción revelan que el suelo desnudo, cuerpos de agua, cobertura forestal densa, y cobertura forestal pocodensa aumentaran en un 1%, 2%, 8% y 89% respectivamente de acuerdo con las estadísticas de la cadena de Ma...

Background: Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are promising devices that enable the employment of discarded organic matter, typically gathered around food supply chains, to generate electricity. Aims: In this work, low-cost MFCs in the absence of a proton exchange membrane were fabricated. Methods: They were built on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic tubes with square acrylic sheets at the ends serving as a framework of anode/cathode chambers and using zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) metals as electrodes. Tomatoes, onions, and potatoes were used as substrates in MFCs and monitored for 21 days. Variables of interest such as voltage, current, pH, and volume were measured through a 100 Ω resistor. Results: The voltage measurements for the onion-based cell showed an upward trend that reaches a peak of 1.01 volts on the last day. Moreover, the greatest current generation was observed in onion cells, in w...