The welfare of people is measured through average spending; but, an in-depth analysis must investigate the quality and the final destination of it. The approach of this magisterial thesis is oriented to seek the association between the average income and the average expenditure of people in Peru, during the period 2017 - 2021. Guided by this purpose, this research is carried out, classified as Quantitative, of Correlational and non-experimental design. The conclusions reached are: the average income is directly related to the average spending of people, an association validated by means of the statistical test where the Correlation Coefficient was r = 0.98649521 and the Determination Coefficient R2 = 0.97317280. In a complementary way, it can be seen that the main source of the average National Income is Labor, a concept that constitutes 70.32% of the total. On the other hand, investigat...

The Regional Competitiveness Index is a tool used to measure the competitiveness of regions through six pillars, which together are determined by 40 indicators. This tool was used to analyze the different competitive aspects of Loreto and its position compared to other regions in the country. The Lima region is divided into Metropolitan Lima and El Callao as one region, and Lima Provinces as another; therefore, 25 regions are analyzed. The main purpose is to analyze the competitiveness of Loreto during the 2019–2022 period, for which this descriptive, quantitative, non-experimental study is developed. The central conclusion shows that Loreto is the least competitive region in the country, ranking 25th. That is, in last place, with a score of 3 on a scale of 0 to 10. Despite all this, the analysis of the indicators places Institutions as the most competitive in Loreto, with an average s...

El estudio evalúa la hipótesis que Loreto presenta alta concentración productiva y ésta impacta negativamente en la producción, y que la ejecución del gasto público como la concentración por sector tienen escaso efecto sobre la eficiencia económica regional. Los resultados encuentran moderada concentración productiva por sector económico, así como un impacto negativo de la concentración en la producción y un escaso impacto en la productividad. Un aumento de 1% en el gasto traslada en promedio 0.1575% al incremento en la productividad. La participación en el PBI de Loreto es impulsada por el gasto del sector público, lo que explica la persistente penúltima posición en el índice de competitividad regional.

The study evaluates the hypothesis that Loreto has a high productive concentration and this negatively impact production and that the execution of public spending as well as the concentration by sector have little effect on regional economic efficiency. The results find moderate productive concentration by economic sector as well as a negative impact of the concentration on production and a low impact on productivity. A 1% increase in spending translates on average 0.1575% to the increase in productivity. Loreto's participation in GDP is running by public sector spending, which explains the persistent penultimate position in the regional competitiveness index.

The study identifies the effects of oil canon and over-canon income (OCOC) on two socioeconomic aspects: First, its contribution to GDP and productivity in the Loreto region. Second, to find the same contribution of the OCOC in the regions of Loreto, Piura, Tumbes, Huánuco and Ucayali in two dimensions: 1) the reduction of inequality, measured as the per capita expenditure among the poorest 40% of the population and, 2) decent work, measured as the percentage of young people between 15 and 24 years of age who do not study, do not work and do not receive training. The results showed that CSP had a positive but not significant impact on GDP and productivity in the Loreto region. The momentum is minimal. It represents a maximum of 9.5% of the fluctuations in the regional GDP and 0.13% in productivity. Regarding the second aspect, the effect is positive, significant and meager on the per ca...