The aim of the study was to determine the values of serum calcium and phosphorus in macaws (Ara sp) kept in captivity in three zoos in the department of Lima, Perú. All available births were sampled. There were 34 adult birds in 4 species (9 Ara macao, 14 Ara ararauna, 4 Ara chlropterus and 7 Ara severus). Blood samples (0.8 ml) were taken from the jugular vein in vacuum tubes without anticoagulant. Serum calcium and phosphorus values were determined by a colorimetric method. The mean values of calcium was 9.70 ± 1.48 mg/dl and phosphorus was 6.08 ± 1.42 mg/dl. By species, calcium values were: A. ararauna 9.67 ± 1.68 mg/dl, A. chloropterus 9.47 ± 1.80 mg/dl, A. macao 9.90 ± 1.75 mg/dl, A. severus 9.60 ± 0.35 mg/dl, and for phosphorus were: A. ararauna 6.03 ± 1.45 mg/dl, A. chloropterus 7.05 ± 2.12 mg/dl, A. macao 6.14 ± 1.35 mg/ dl, A. severus 5.54 ± 0.87 mg/dl. Significant di...

The aim of the study was to determine the values of hematologic and serum biochemistry in free-living spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) in Madre de Dios, Peru. A total of 30 individuals (26 males and 4 females) were captured in the banks of the Madre de Dios river. Blood sampled were collected from the dorsal branch of the cranial vein. The following results were found: RBC 1.45±0.97 x 106/μl, PCV 22.63±4.16%, Hb 7.86±2.10 g/dl, MCV 190.6±76.9 fl, MCH 63.49±20.96 pg, MCHC 34.96±7.80 g/dl, WBC 13.18±5.85 x 103/μl, eosinophils 1.54±1.21 x 103/μl, basophils 1.31±1.20 x 103/μl, lymphocytes 5.77±4.03 x 103/μl, monocytes 0.17±0.38 x 103/μl, heterophiles 2.16±2.59 x 103/μl, ALT 48.59±14.34 U/L, AST 114.0±28.5 UI/L, GGT 1.8±1.6 UI/L, creatinine 0.51±0.35 UI/L, cholesterol 101.8±42.3 UI/L, glucose 98.1±30.7 mg/dL total protein 5.01±1.00 g/dl, albumin 1.65±0.29 g/dL,...

The aim of the study was to determine the presence of blood parasites in feral populations of the rock dove (Columba livia) in the department of Lima, Peru. The study was carried out in Pampas San Alejo, located in Barranca (rural area) and in a zoo located in San Juan de Miraflores district (urban area). A total of 52 adult birds were captured using mist nets, resulting 28 and 24 pigeons in the rural and urban area respectively. Blood samples from the brachial vein were collected, and blood smears were fixed with methanol and stained with Giemsa. Results showed 94.2% (49/52) positive to the presence of hemoparasites: Haemoproteus sp (94.2%; 47/52), Plasmodium sp (13.5%; 7/52) and Leucocytozoon sp (1.9%; 1/52). The Haemoproteus sp infestation intensity was very low (24.5%), low (59.2%) and medium (16.3%). All rural birds were positive, while only 87.5% (21/24) of birds in the urban area ...

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Hepatozoon sp in free-living spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) in Bajo Madre de Dios, located in the department of Madre Dios, Peru. Blood samples were taken from 30 individuals (21 males, 4 females, 5 of undetermined sex) from three age categories (sub-adult, adult and reproductive active adult). The alligators were captured on the bank of the Bajo Madre de Dios river. Two smears per sample were prepared, fixed with methanol and stained with May-Grunwald Giemsa. The biometric measurements of the gametocytes, both intra and extra-erythrocytic were determined, confirming their correspondence with the genus Hepatozoon. The results showed that 90% (27/30) of the individuals were positive for Hepatozoon sp, being 100% females (4/4), 95.2% (20/21) of males and 60.0% (3/5) of undetermined sex.

            The aim of this study was to determine blood values of the yellow-spotted river turtle (Podocnemis unifilis) in two seasons in a zoo in Iquitos, Peru. The zoo has a population of 80 turtles of this species. Thirty turtles were used in the study (18 males, 12 females). Blood samples were taken in winter (February) and summer (July) and were analysed were analysed using Neubauer's camera and the dilutor Natt & Herrick. The season of the year influenced the blood values, increasing the number of erythrocytes and azurophils in summer, and of lymphocytes and thrombocytes in winter.

The aim of this study was to identify the role of domestic dogs as reservoirs of Leptospira spp and Toxoplasma gondii in the Rural Community of Corosha, department of Amazonas, Peru, through the analysis of prevalence and epidemiological characteristics, as well as tenure associated with dog positivity. A survey was carried out on the dog owners and blood samples were taken. In total, 55 samples were analyzed by the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) for the identification of anti-Leptospira spp antibodies and 62 samples with the Indirect Hemagglutination technique (HAI) for anti-T. gondii. The seroprevalence of Leptospira spp was 82.3%, detecting antibodies against the Grippotyphosa (58.2%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (54.6%), Pomona (40.0%), Canicola (32.7%), Bratislava (30.9%) and Georgia (21.8%) serovars. Dogs with access to the river showed a higher prevalence of Leptospira (94.9%) compa...

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los valores de calcio y fosforo sérico en guacamayos (Ara sp) mantenidos en cautiverio en tres zoológicos del departamento de Lima, Perú. Se trabajó con la totalidad de la población de cada centro, siendo 34 aves adultas distribuidas en 4 especies (9 Ara macao, 14 Ara ararauna, 4 Ara chlropterus y 7 Ara severus). Se recolectó 0.8 ml se sangre de la vena yugular de cada ave en tubos al vacío sin anticoagulante. Los niveles séricos de calcio y fósforo fueron determinados por un método colorimétrico. Los valores promedio de calcio fueron de 9.69 ± 1.48 mg/dl y de fosforo fueron de 6.08 ± 1.42 mg/dl. Por especie, los valores de calcio fueron: A. ararauna 9.67 ± 1.68 mg/dl, A. chloropterus 9.47 ± 1.80 mg/dl, A. macao 9.90 ± 1.75 mg/dl y A. severus 9.60 ± 0.35; y para fósforo fueron: A. ararauna 6.03 ± 1.45 mg/dl, A. chloropterus 7.05 �...

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los valores hematológicos y bioquímica sérica del caimán blanco (Caiman crocodilus) de vida libre en Madre de Dios, Perú. Se capturaron 30 individuos (26 machos y 4 hembras) en las márgenes del río Madre de Dios. Las muestras sanguíneas se obtuvieron por punción en la rama dorsal de la vena craneal. Los valores hallados fueron: eritrocitos 1.45±0.97 x 106/μl, hematocrito 22.63±4.16%, hemoglobina 7.86±2.10 g/dl, VCM 190.6±76.9 fl, HCM 63.49±20.96 pg, CMCH 34.96±7.80 g/dl, leucocitos 13.18±5.85 x 103/μl, eosinófilos 1.54±1.21 x 103/μl, basófilos 1.31±1.20 x 103/μl, linfocitos 5.77±4.03 x 103/μl, monocitos 0.17±0.38 x 103/μl, heterófilos 2.16±2.59 x 103/μl, ALT 48.59±14.34 U/L, AST 114.0±28.5 UI/L, GGT 1.8±1.6 UI/L, creatinina 0.51±0.35 UI/L, colesterol 101.8±42.3 UI/L, glucosa 98.1±30.7 mg/dL, proteínas totales 5....

The aim of the study was to determine the presence of blood parasites in feral populations of the rock dove (Columba livia) in the department of Lima, Peru. The study was carried out in Pampas San Alejo, located in Barranca (rural area) and in a zoo located in San Juan de Miraflores district (urban area). A total of 52 adult birds were captured using mist nets, resulting 28 and 24 pigeons in the rural and urban area respectively. Blood samples from the brachial vein were collected, and blood smears were fixed with methanol and stained with Giemsa. Results showed 94.2% (49/52) positive to the presence of hemoparasites: Haemoproteus sp (94.2%; 47/52), Plasmodium sp (13.5%; 7/52) and Leucocytozoon sp (1.9%; 1/52). The Haemoproteus sp infestation intensity was very low (24.5%), low (59.2%) and medium (16.3%). All rural birds were positive, while only 87.5% (21/24) of birds in the urban area ...

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Hepatozoon sp in free-living spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) in Bajo Madre de Dios, located in the department of Madre Dios, Peru. Blood samples were taken from 30 individuals (21 males, 4 females, 5 of undetermined sex) from three age categories (sub-adult, adult and reproductive active adult). The alligators were captured on the bank of the Bajo Madre de Dios river. Two smears per sample were prepared, fixed with methanol and stained with May-Grunwald Giemsa. The biometric measurements of the gametocytes, both intra and extra-erythrocytic were determined, confirming their correspondence with the genus Hepatozoon. The results showed that 90% (27/30) of the individuals were positive for Hepatozoon sp, being 100% females (4/4), 95.2% (20/21) of males and 60.0% (3/5) of undetermined sex.

            The aim of this study was to determine blood values of the yellow-spotted river turtle (Podocnemis unifilis) in two seasons in a zoo in Iquitos, Peru. The zoo has a population of 80 turtles of this species. Thirty turtles were used in the study (18 males, 12 females). Blood samples were taken in winter (February) and summer (July) and were analysed were analysed using Neubauer's camera and the dilutor Natt & Herrick. The season of the year influenced the blood values, increasing the number of erythrocytes and azurophils in summer, and of lymphocytes and thrombocytes in winter.

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los potenciales reservorios silvestres de Trypanosoma sp. en cuatro localidades de los departamentos de Amazonas y Loreto, capturando y analizando marsupiales, roedores y quirópteros en busca de este protozoo. Además, se comparó la diversidad y presencia de Trypanosoma sp. en hospederos silvestres del departamento de Amazonas y Loreto, área endémica y no endémica de la enfermedad de Chagas, respectivamente. El estudio se realizó en los centros poblados el Ron y Tres Marías, provincia de Utcubamba departamento de Amazonas y los caseríos Cahuide y Manacamiri en la provincia de Maynas, departamento de Loreto. Los roedores y marsupiales fueron capturados utilizando trampas Tomahawk y Sherman, y para los quirópteros se utilizó redes de neblina. Los animales capturados fueron anestesiados para aplicar la técnica de xenodiagnóstico. Se determin...

The aim of the investigation was to carry out the ultrasonographic evaluation of the abdominal organs of the kinkajou (Potos flavus). The seven adult individuals (2 males and 5 females) from the “Buen Pastor” zoo (Los Olivos, Lima) were evaluated. An ultrasound equipment with a 4-9 MHz convex transducer was used to evaluate the topography, shape, margins, ecotexture, and echogenicity of the abdominal organs. The spleen has a slightly thicker head than the body and tail. The liver showed medium echogenicity, isoechogenic in relation to the kidney and hypoechogenic in relation to the spleen. The right kidney was found slightly more cranial than the left, presented a renal cortex of medium echogenicity, a slightly hyperechogenic medulla in relation to the cortex, and a 2: 1 medullary cortex ratio. The bladder wall presented a heterogeneous ecotexture with poorly defined walls. The ultra...

The aim of the investigation was to carry out the ultrasonographic evaluation of the abdominal organs of the kinkajou (Potos flavus). The seven adult individuals (2 males and 5 females) from the “Buen Pastor” zoo (Los Olivos, Lima) were evaluated. An ultrasound equipment with a 4-9 MHz convex transducer was used to evaluate the topography, shape, margins, ecotexture, and echogenicity of the abdominal organs. The spleen has a slightly thicker head than the body and tail. The liver showed medium echogenicity, isoechogenic in relation to the kidney and hypoechogenic in relation to the spleen. The right kidney was found slightly more cranial than the left, presented a renal cortex of medium echogenicity, a slightly hyperechogenic medulla in relation to the cortex, and a 2: 1 medullary cortex ratio. The bladder wall presented a heterogeneous ecotexture with poorly defined walls. The ultra...