OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the survival of high viscosity ionomers in molars with atraumatic restoration treatment at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. MATERIAL AND METHODS: it was an interventional, observational and longitudinal study. Of 100 preschoolers of both sexes from a rural public school, the 30 preschoolers selected met the inclusion criteria; their parents agreed to sign the consent. The university UCSM gave the approval of the Ethics Committee with the number 2017-07. A USP senior pediatric dentist calibrated three pediatric dentists to unify the criteria of ionomer manipulation and atraumatic restoration treatment standardized by WHO, 12 with intra-specialist Kappa 0.9 and inter-specialist Kappa 0.8. The ionomers for the clinical technique were applied in 143 deciduous molars that met the inclusion criteria, the retention and survival of the ionomers were evaluated according to the criter...