Puno, a region of strong regime subservient and monopoly Catholic in late 19th century and early 20th, lived a social climate that is filled with convulsions and death; peasant rebellions against the gamonalismo. In this scenario was born a school whose intention was to generate a process of inclusion of the indigenous child to become a citizen subject of law. This paper proposes that a young participant in those events, José Antonio Encinas, practiced the anthropological approach, Manuel Gonzales Prada was anticipated to popular schools and there forged a laboratory teaching, secular, rich in values citizens, assimilating Adventist school, early indigenism and the New School.

Puno, a region of strong regime subservient and monopoly Catholic in late 19th century and early 20th, lived a social climate that is filled with convulsions and death; peasant rebellions against the gamonalismo. In this scenario was born a school whose intention was to generate a process of inclusion of the indigenous child to become a citizen subject of law. This paper proposes that a young participant in those events, José Antonio Encinas, practiced the anthropological approach, Manuel Gonzales Prada was anticipated to popular schools and there forged a laboratory teaching, secular, rich in values citizens, assimilating Adventist school, early indigenism and the New School.

Una de las personalidades que ha maravillado a la intelectualidad peruana como a la educación nacional, tanto a maestros como a defensores de los indígenas, es José Antonio Encinas. Con esta investigación se quiere identificar y comprender el marco de historia intelectual que rodeó a este maestro puneño. Es un trabajo de historia sobre el contexto social, sobre las influencias regionales -un indigenismo temprano y el pensamiento adventista moderno- que sentaron en él un poderoso proyecto educativo que llevó a la práctica en una escuela pequeña de su gran mundo andino.