This work concerns the design and construction of a flotation equipment - laboratory size - for the treatment of waste water of the fishmeal industry.

We have studied the effect of corrosion on two samples of steel alloys widely used in Lima and Callao. Low alloy steel grade API-SLX-42 manufactured by Sider Peru SA and galvanized steel manufactured by Ferrum SA Peru are exposed to different environments such as local air urban, industrial and marine. As a result it was found that the galvanized steel is more corrosion resistant low alloy steel. The author proposes mathematical models that describe in each case the behavior of metals under! Studied as environmental conditions.

Alloys Fe-Al in the compositions Al25Fe75, Al50Fe50 and Al75Fe25 were synthesized by the arc furnace technique and the thermally treating 6000C. X-ray diractogram (XRD) and Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) show the formation of the solid solution Fe(Al) rich and poor in aluminion. Tn the process of mechanical grinding to 10 hours milling maghemite γ − Fe2O3(Al) for compositions Al25Fe75 and Al50Fe50 with aluminiun atoms occupy some iron sites. In the case of the composition Al75Fe25 a single intermetallic Al13Fe4 is observed, remaining structurally invariant for all time nanostructuring.

The Fe-Al alloys in the compositions Al25Fe75, Al50Fe50 and Al75Fe25 were synthesized by the technique from arc furnace and then heat treated at 6000C. The X-ray diffractogram (XRD) and Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) show the formation of the intermetallic FeAl and Al13Fe4 for the compositions Al50Fe50 and Al75Fe25 and the solid solution Fe(Al) rich and poor in iron for all the compositions.

This work concerns the design and construction of a flotation equipment - laboratory size - for the treatment of waste water of the fishmeal industry.

Se ha estudiado el efecto de la corrosión en dos muestras de aleaciones de acero ampliamente usados en Lima y Callao. Acero de baja aleación grado API-SlX-42 fabricado por Sider Peru S.A. y acero galvanizado fabricado por Ferrum Perú S.A son expuestos a diferentes ambientes atmosféricos locales tales como urbano, industrial y marino. Como resultado se encontró que el acero galvanizado es más resistente a la corrosión que el acero de baja aleación. El autor propone modelos matemáticos que describen en cada caso el comportamiento de los metales bajo !as condiciones ambientales estudiadas.

This work is concerned with the activation of calcium bentonite from Junín- Perú (with a moisture content of 24.1% and an average of particle size 40 µ ) with sulphuric acid. The parameters studied are the ratio of bentonite to acid solution, acid concentration and reaction time to boiling temperatura of the mixture. The optimum conditions obtained are the following: 0.47 kg. of bentonite/kg. of acid solution to 4.8 N, 4 h of treatment to 104 ºC and the conversion of 45.6% alumina and 73.5% of sulphuric acid.

This work is concerned with the activation of calcium bentonite from Junín- Perú (with a moisture content of 24.1% and an average of particle size 40 µ ) with sulphuric acid. The parameters studied are the ratio of bentonite to acid solution, acid concentration and reaction time to boiling temperatura of the mixture. The optimum conditions obtained are the following: 0.47 kg. of bentonite/kg. of acid solution to 4.8 N, 4 h of treatment to 104 ºC and the conversion of 45.6% alumina and 73.5% of sulphuric acid.

El objetivo de la investigación fue establecer un protocolo de inducción de embriogénesis somática en las variedades Castillo, Catuaí y Costa Rica 95. Se instaló un ensayo de desinfección de hojas y otro para la inducción de embriogénesis somática. En el primer ensayo se evaluó diferentes concentraciones de NaClO, tiempo de inmersión y uso de solución antioxidante. El tratamiento de desinfección con mejores resultados fue 2% de NaClO por 5 minutos. En el segundo ensayo, se evaluó el efecto de diferentes tipos y concentraciones de reguladores de crecimiento; las citoquininas BAP y KIN (2,0; 4,0 y 6,0 mg/L), la auxina 2,4-D (0,1; 0,5 y 1,0 mg/L) y la combinación 2,4-D (0,1; 0,5 o 1,0 mg/L) + KIN (1,5 mg/L). Se logró inducir embriogénesis somática, directa e indirecta, en un solo medio de cultivo a partir de la semana 7 de iniciado el ensayo. La tasa de embriogénesis som...

Even though Pure Shift NMR methods have conveniently been used in the assessment of crowded spectra, they are not commonly applied to the analysis of metabolomics data. This paper exploits the recently published SAPPHIRE-PSYCHE methodology in the context of plant metabolome. We compare single pulse, PSYCHE, and SAPPHIRE-PSYCHE spectra obtained from aqueous extracts of Physalis peruviana fruits. STOCSY analysis with simplified SAPPHIRE-PSYCHE spectra of six types of Cape gooseberry was carried out and the results attained compared with classical STOCSY data. PLS coefficients analysis combined with 1D-STOCSY was performed in an effort to simplify biomarker identification. Several of the most compromised proton NMR signals associated with critical constituents of the plant mixture, such as amino acids, organic acids, and sugars, were more cleanly depicted and their inter and intra correlati...

El objetivo de la investigación fue establecer un protocolo de inducción de embriogénesis somática en las variedades Castillo, Catuaí y Costa Rica 95. Se instaló un ensayo de desinfección de hojas y otro para la inducción de embriogénesis somática. En el primer ensayo se evaluó diferentes concentraciones de NaClO, tiempo de inmersión y uso de solución antioxidante. El tratamiento de desinfección con mejores resultados fue 2% de NaClO por 5 minutos. En el segundo ensayo, se evaluó el efecto de diferentes tipos y concentraciones de reguladores de crecimiento; las citoquininas BAP y KIN (2,0; 4,0 y 6,0 mg/L), la auxina 2,4-D (0,1; 0,5 y 1,0 mg/L) y la combinación 2,4-D (0,1; 0,5 o 1,0 mg/L) + KIN (1,5 mg/L). Se logró inducir embriogénesis somática, directa e indirecta, en un solo medio de cultivo a partir de la semana 7 de iniciado el ensayo. La tasa de embriogénesis som...

The berry of Physalis peruviana L. (Solanaceae) represents an important socio-economical commodity for Latin America. The absence of a clear phenotype renders it difficult to trace its place of origin. In this study, Cape gooseberries from eight different regions within the Peruvian Andes were profiled for their metabolism implementing a NMR platform. Twenty-four compounds could be unequivocally identified and sixteen quantified. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test revealed that all of the quantified metabolites changed significantly among regions: Bambamarca I showed the most accumulated significant differences. The coefficient of variation demonstrated high phenotypic plasticity for amino acids, while sugars displayed low phenotypic plasticity. Correlation analysis highlighted the closely coordinated behavior of the amino acid profile. Finally, PLS-DA revealed a clear separation amon...

Ectopic pregnancy is a gestation that nests outside of the uterus endometrial lining. Incidence is estimated at 0.94-2.6% of all pregnancies. Its location in a previous cesarean section uterine scar is a rare (0.15%) presentation of this disease, accounting for 6.15% of ectopic pregnancy cases occurring in women with previous cesarean section. A case of a 28 year-old woman G: 5 P: 0412, with history of 3 cesarean sections was hospitalized in Hospital Nacional Docente Materno Infantil (HONADOMANI) San Bartolomé in February 2013 because of transvaginal ultrasound diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy located in previous uterine cesarean scar; it was successfully resolved by laparoscopic management. Cases of ectopic pregnancy located in the uterine scar from previous cesarean are increasing due to the rising cesarean section rate. Transvaginal ultrasonography is crucial for diagnosis. There is no...

Ectopic pregnancy is a gestation that nests outside of the uterus endometrial lining. Incidence is estimated at 0.94-2.6% of all pregnancies. Its location in a previous cesarean section uterine scar is a rare (0.15%) presentation of this disease, accounting for 6.15% of ectopic pregnancy cases occurring in women with previous cesarean section. A case of a 28 year-old woman G: 5 P: 0412, with history of 3 cesarean sections was hospitalized in Hospital Nacional Docente Materno Infantil (HONADOMANI) San Bartolomé in February 2013 because of transvaginal ultrasound diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy located in previous uterine cesarean scar; it was successfully resolved by laparoscopic management. Cases of ectopic pregnancy located in the uterine scar from previous cesarean are increasing due to the rising cesarean section rate. Transvaginal ultrasonography is crucial for diagnosis. There is no...

The fruit of Vanilla planifolia is broadly preferred by the agroindustry and gourmet markets due to its refined flavor and aroma. Peruvian Vanilla has been proposed as a possible source for genetic improvement of existing Vanilla cultivars, but, little has been done to facilitate comprehensive studies of these and other Vanilla. Here, a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic platform was developed to profile for the first time the leaves – organ known to accumulate vanillin putative precursors – of V. planifolia and those of Peruvian V. pompona, V. palmarum, and V. ribeiroi, with the aim to determine metabolic differences among them. Analysis of the NMR spectra allowed the identification of thirty-six metabolites, twenty-five of which were quantified. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test revealed that these metabolites changed significantly among species, whilst multivariate-a...

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the world's most important crops, but it is facing major challenges due to climatic changes. To investigate the effects of intermittent drought on the natural variability of plant morphology and tuber metabolism in a novel potato association panel comprising 258 varieties we performed an augmented block design field study under normal irrigation and under water-deficit and recovery conditions in Ica, Peru. All potato genotypes were profiled for 45 morphological traits and 42 central metabolites via nuclear magnetic resonance. Statistical tests and norm of reaction analysis revealed that the observed variations were trait specific, that is, genotypic versus environmental. Principal component analysis showed a separation of samples as a result of conditional changes. To explore the relational ties between morphological traits and metabolites, correla...