Malnutrition has serious consequences for children by affecting their growth and development. Objective: To identify the factors associated with malnutrition in children under five years of age. Materials and methods: observational, analytical, cross-sectional and retrospective study. Theoretical, empirical and mathematical statistical methods were applied. Study population: children under 5 years of age treated at the pediatric hospital in Menongue, Angola, between January and March 2023 (n=211). Exclusion criteria: terminally ill children, incomplete medical records, and responsible persons who did not agree to participate in the study. Statistical treatment: the group composition variable was the child's weight, with two categories: malnourished (N=138) and normal weight (N=73). Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U and Odd Ratio (OR) tests were applied with 95% significance. Results: The larges...