This article tries to renew the debate on a particular period in the economic history of Peru and emphasizes on some historiographic errors on its understanding. More specifically, it points that between 1888 and 1892 the Peruvian exterior commerce grew and that on 1912 some economic indicators showed the same level they had on the 1870 decade. This fact marked an important inflection point that needs to be noticed.

Objective: To determine the antimicotic effect of thymol in concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1 % on strains of Candida albicans evaluated at 48 hours of incubation, comparing them with 0.12 % chlorhexidine gluconate and nystatin. Material and methods: Thymol antifungal activity was determined according to the inhibition halo diameter and the susceptibility criteria of the Duraffoourd method, carried out according to the agar diffusion technique with a sample of 25 Petri dishes inoculated with Candida albicans. ATCC®10231, each with 3 filter paper discs embedded in 0.1 %, 0.5 % and 1 % thymol solutions, as in 0.12 % chlorhexidine gluconate and nystatin in suspension following the parameters of National Committee of Standards of Clinical Laboratories. Results: Thymol concentrations of 0.5 and 1% showed an inhibitory effect superior to the substances used as control. Conclusions: Thymol has ...

Objective: To determinate, the prevalence of malocclusions in mixed dentition of children from 6 to 12 years of age, from two schools in the city of Quito- Ecuador. Materials and methods: through visual observation, 143 children were examined with respect to the type of occlusion. The identification data of the participants about specific questions about the most frequent habits were collected in previously prepared files, the data were subjected to descriptive and statistics test. Results: the descriptive analysis showed that only 17% of the children had the characteristics of a normal occlusion, the remaining 83% had some type of malocclusion. Within the malocclusion, labial suction was the most prevalent with 16,1% of the entire sample. Class I molar and canine was the most frequent. Class molar I and canine was the most frequent. Chi square analysis determined that there is no depend...

Funding: The authors thank the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y de Inno-vación Tecnológica (PROCIENCIA-CONCYTEC), project number: 177-2020-FONDECYT (PROCIEN-CIA), project CLEAN NANOMAGNETIC. “The APC was funded by PROCIENCIA”.