Introduction: Melanoma is a highly immunogenic neoplasm whose treatment has evolved with the development of innovative immunotherapeutic strategies. Objective: To analyze advances in immunotherapy and translational medicine for the treatment of melanoma, highlighting new therapies and their impact on clinical practice. Methodology: A narrative review was carried out in scientific databases, including Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, OVID and ClinicalKey. Articles were taken in English and Spanish, without time restriction. Relevant studies on immunotherapy, cell therapy, oncolytic viruses and personalized vaccines were selected. Results: The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors with emerging therapies has improved tumor response and survival. However, tumor heterogeneity and immunosuppression of the microenvironment remain challenges. Conclusion: Translational medicine i...