Macro-regions emerge as a strategic instrument of the State whose purpose is to overcome the current centralism that prevails in the national productive system, as a result of the growth models and the evolutionary development of our society. Therefore, a new role of the State is required, in order to formulate plans and policies to promote a set of strategies around macro-regions, in the scenario of a process of change of national-regional development and the application of a “Development Model from the inside out”.

This work aims to establish the factors that determine the low productivity and weak competitiveness of food agroindustrial activity in the provinces of Castilla, Caylloma, Condesuyos and La Unión in the Arequipa Region, which suffer from strong socioeconomic problems. In order to achieve sustainable economic growth and improve the material living conditions of the population, a feasible alternative is the establishment of productive chains and the promotion of small producers' associativity.

As a result of the continuity of the market economy strategy and the liberalization of foreign trade, the land-use planning policy and the creation of macro-regions have not been put into practice, and this has weakened the regionalization and decentralization processes in Peru. A new process of national-regional development is urgently needed, and for this it is necessary to modify the current model, replacing it with a model of development from the inside out.

The regions are far from sustainable economic development, as they respond to a primary-export model of outward growth. Despite a decade of decentralization, there has been no budgetary reform with a regional-national vision. The advancement of the macro-regional alternative requires a modern, participatory, planning and decentralized State that applies an inside-out model.

At the beginning of this century, Peruvian industrialization is once again a reason for deep reflection. We need an industry that drives the economic growth of the country in the current process of world globalization, builds dynamic competitive advantages and promotes a greater participation of our qualified human resources through companies, to face the process of change that is being experienced in the international economic relations.

It is viable for national companies to compete successfully in the world globalization process, but for this purpose the promotion of a Strategy is required: Competitive Industrialization, whose fundamental axes are the lines of industrial growth and regional industrial schemes, both developed within the framework of a systemic approach to competitiveness and promoted through business activity that has to create and maintain dynamic competitive advantages.

This article is an attempt to answer the most important question of our time: how should we participate in this globalized world, if the current primary-export growth model is only temporarily benefiting Peru due to rising international market prices? It is postulated that the State supports economic agents to face the globalization process in a competitive and efficient manner.

The current process of world globalization, with its profound and intensive changes, has created in different societies the need to prepare strategically, emphasizing their actions in the training of human resources, corporate business organization and technological innovation, in such a way that so that it can compete with manufactured products that will be exported, with efficiency, high productivity and quality.

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The employment problem in Peru raises, payments of more than 80% of workers is worsening. The problem arises historically, because of a slow evolution fed on differents historical phases, mainly structural deficiencies in the national economic system wich has allowed that workers become only a productive factor. Peru must turn to a development process though a strategy base don industrialzation by grow that pursue, besides others, the generation of surtable employment. This article is a summary of the book: “Deterioro y Escasa Retribución al factor trabajo en el Perú: 1990-1997”, published recently by this institution.

El problema del empleo en el Perú se intensifica, deteriorándose las retribuciones que perciben más del 80% de los trabajadores. Este problema se ha formado históricamente en esta sociedad, derivado de una dinámica retardada que se ha alimentado de los diferentes momentos históricos, principalmente por las deficiencias estructurales en el sistema económico nacional que han permitido que en el momento actual los trabajadores se conviertan en simples factores productivos. El Perú debe retomar el proceso de desarrollo mediante una estrategia basada en la industrialización por líneas de crecimiento que persiga entre otros objetivos la generación de empleos adecuados. Este artículo es un resumen del libro: «Deterioro y Escasa Retribución al Factor Trabajo en el Perú: 1990-1997», publicado recientemente en esta Casa de Estudios.