An agroforestry system (SAF) is characterized by having a diversity of components, such as timber and non-timber forest species and crops, pastures, or a livestock production system. This diversity of components in the system reduces the intensity of diseases, e.g. foliar diseases. This study aimed to detect the fungal microorganisms associated with the leaf spots of plant species that are part of the agroforestry production systems of the Peruvian farmers from Yurimaguas and to determine the level of incidence of the leaf spots in the systems of agroforestry production. Different land cropping systems were implemented in the farms, such as palm (Bactris gasipaes) to produce palm hearts, cocoa (Theobroma cacao), and plantain (Mussa sp.). Also, silvopastoral systems with fast and slow growing timber species and cattle with pastures for grazing and reforestation in areas of secondary fores...

En la rizosfera, como zona de actividad biológica, se puede encontrar diversidad de microorganismos como bacterias del género Pseudomonas . Se caracterizan por controlar patógenos como Phytophthora cinnamomi , además de ser promotores del crecimiento. Por tal motivo, en el presente estudio se aislaron bacterias del género Pseudomonas de la rizosfera de aguacate de las provincias de Casma, Huaral y Lima. Se seleccionaron un total de seis cepas (R2, R5, R7, R10, S10 y S6) para evaluar su capacidad de biocontrol frente a P. cinnamomien condiciones in vitro e invernadero. En la prueba in vitro, las cepas S6 y S10 controlaron 30,3 y 44%, respectivamente. En condiciones de invernadero, se inocularon cepas de Pseudomonas en aguacate cv. De 4 meses. Plantas “Zutano”. Cinco meses después, evaluamos las siguientes variables: severidad de raíces, aumento de altura, peso fresco de raíces...

Phytophthora capsici is an aggressive pathogen in escabeche pepper on the Peruvian coast. Root rot has a strong correlation with humidity and environment. Disease behavior was evaluated epidemiologically using spatiotemporal variables. Severity was evaluated according to the advance of the secondary symptom according to grades 1 to 5. Then, coordinates of each plant were established by photogrammetric survey of a field with 1705 escabeche pepper plants. For temporal analysis, severity was adjusted to an exponential model (R2 = 0.909) and incidence to a Gompertz model (R2 = 0.921) that detected an initial delay of the disease due to temperature. For the spatial analysis, the Global Moran Index (Ii) showed a high spatial dependence of the disease reaching a peak of 0.4 and 0.7 for severity and incidence, respectively. Also, heat maps related to the Local Ii were generated from which an ini...

This article shows the competitive strategies stated by Michel Porter to keep and/or widen an enterprise within an industrial sector in a free-competence market. Such an analysis focuses on peruvian reality.

This article shows the competitive strategies stated by Michel Porter to keep and/or widen an enterprise within an industrial sector in a free-competence market. Such an analysis focuses on peruvian reality.

Phytophthora capsici is one of the most devastating pathogens that limits the production of Paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) worldwide. Likewise, Trichoderma viride stands out as a biological agent due to its antagonistic effect, resistance inducer, growth stimulator, etc. The present work evaluated the effectiveness of T. viride as a biocontrol agent against P. capsici in Paprika using three growth methods (direct seeding, plantlet and bare root). Twelve treatments were developed under greenhouse conditions, including a control (without inoculum) and a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement. T. viride inoculation was carried out 40 days after sowing at a concentration of 106 conidia ml-1 while P. capsici was inoculated 50 days after sowing using three colonized wheat grains per plant. The inoculation method of the controlling agent in the direct seeding and pla...

In the last two decades, rainfall estimates provided by the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) have proven applicable in hydrological studies. The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, which provides the new generation of rainfall estimates, is now considered a global successor to TRMM. The usefulness of GPM data in hydrological applications, however, has not yet been evaluated over the Andean and Amazonian regions. This study uses GPM data provided by the Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals (IMERG) (product/final run) as input to a distributed hydrological model for the Amazon Basin of Peru and Ecuador for a 16-month period (from March 2014 to June 2015) when all datasets are available. TRMM products (TMPA V7 and TMPA RT datasets) and a gridded precipitation dataset processed from observed rainfall are used for comparison. The results indicate that precipitation da...