This study introduced and evaluated ‘Grow for it!’, a school-based multicomponent intervention designed to enhance adolescents’ Future Time Perspective (FTP) and Growth Mindset (GM) to reduce school stress and improve learning and motivation. A total of 323 Dutch students were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. The intervention group showed a significant decrease in test anxiety over time, and reported higher FTP, learning investment, GM, and intrinsic motivation at post-test. However, these effects did not persist longitudinally, limiting evidence of the intervention’s overall effectiveness. Nevertheless, our study provided valuable insights into the combined potential of FTP and GM in influencing academic outcomes and highlighted the need for more research about the role of positive adaptive beliefs.

This study introduced and evaluated ‘Grow for it!’, a school-based multicomponent intervention designed to enhance adolescents’ Future Time Perspective (FTP) and Growth Mindset (GM) to reduce school stress and improve learning and motivation. A total of 323 Dutch students were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. The intervention group showed a significant decrease in test anxiety over time, and reported higher FTP, learning investment, GM, and intrinsic motivation at post-test. However, these effects did not persist longitudinally, limiting evidence of the intervention’s overall effectiveness. Nevertheless, our study provided valuable insights into the combined potential of FTP and GM in influencing academic outcomes and highlighted the need for more research about the role of positive adaptive beliefs.

This study introduced and evaluated ‘Grow for it!’, a school-based multicomponent intervention designed to enhance adolescents’ Future Time Perspective (FTP) and Growth Mindset (GM) to reduce school stress and improve learning and motivation. A total of 323 Dutch students were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. The intervention group showed a significant decrease in test anxiety over time, and reported higher FTP, learning investment, GM, and intrinsic motivation at post-test. However, these effects did not persist longitudinally, limiting evidence of the intervention’s overall effectiveness. Nevertheless, our study provided valuable insights into the combined potential of FTP and GM in influencing academic outcomes and highlighted the need for more research about the role of positive adaptive beliefs.

Future Time Perspective (FTP) is defined as a cognitive-motivational construct of an individual’s perception of their personal future. How do people consciously construct their FTP? This study presents case studies using both daily data (over 19 days) and longitudinal data (spanning 33 years), focusing on how goal-directedness (a measure of FTP) and hope interact to shape their trajectories. The results show that hope is high when individuals experience a connection between the present and future, accompanied by the integration of affect, cognition, and behavior. In contrast, perceived uncertainty reduces hope. Importantly, goal-directedness increases when individuals consciously set goals, make plans, and take actions for the future. This study sheds light on the conscious construction of FTP by being among the first to examine within-individual variability by combining both daily and...

Future Time Perspective (FTP) is defined as a cognitive-motivational construct of an individual’s perception of their personal future. How do people consciously construct their FTP? This study presents case studies using both daily data (over 19 days) and longitudinal data (spanning 33 years), focusing on how goal-directedness (a measure of FTP) and hope interact to shape their trajectories. The results show that hope is high when individuals experience a connection between the present and future, accompanied by the integration of affect, cognition, and behavior. In contrast, perceived uncertainty reduces hope. Importantly, goal-directedness increases when individuals consciously set goals, make plans, and take actions for the future. This study sheds light on the conscious construction of FTP by being among the first to examine within-individual variability by combining both daily and...

Future Time Perspective (FTP) is defined as a cognitive-motivational construct of an individual’s perception of their personal future. How do people consciously construct their FTP? This study presents case studies using both daily data (over 19 days) and longitudinal data (spanning 33 years), focusing on how goal-directedness (a measure of FTP) and hope interact to shape their trajectories. The results show that hope is high when individuals experience a connection between the present and future, accompanied by the integration of affect, cognition, and behavior. In contrast, perceived uncertainty reduces hope. Importantly, goal-directedness increases when individuals consciously set goals, make plans, and take actions for the future. This study sheds light on the conscious construction of FTP by being among the first to examine within-individual variability by combining both daily and...