La Convención no. 169 de la OIT sobre pueblos indígenas y tribales otorga el derecho de consulta y aceptación previa por parte de ellos sobre los proyectos a ser construidos en sus territorios. los gobiernos, al firmar esa convención, se comprometen a que esa consulta sea hecha por los propios indígenas. el gobierno peruano de ollanta Humala en agosto 2011 la transformó en ley obteniendo el apoyo de los movimientos indígenas amazónicos. en el Brasil el gobierno de dilma Rousseff está siendo juzgado por la cidH de la oeA porque, según los movimientos indígenas, en el caso de la hidroeléctrica de Belo monte su compromiso con la consulta previa habría sido superficial. Y el gobierno de evo morales por no realizar esa consulta confrontó el 2011 movilizaciones en su Amazonía que lo obligaron a retroceder con su proyecto de cruzar con una carretera el tipnis. este artículo most...

The non-fulfillment of campaign promises is a common phenomenon in many Latin American countries and recurrent in Peru in recent decades. It affects government credibility, reduces democratic governance and shortens the traditional "honeymoon" period that citizens grant to a new government by fueling social conflicts. The factors that usually explain this reality are diverse. Among these are the new objectives of the elected authorities, the absence of planning, the intervention of various public organizations, the presence of bureaucratic routines, the incapacity of management and effective leadership, and the intervention of economic, social and political forces that try to adapt government proposals and actions to their particular interests.

Each and every one of the South American societies have peculiarities and specificities. In the Peruvian case, its peculiarity is the weight of its history. Its specificity: that it is impossible to explain much of the affairs of its present without considering its remote antiquity. In other words, the destruction of its Indigenous Civilization, made by the Spanish (Indigenous America as a whole, since the end of the 15th century, was destroyed by the Europeans as part of the expansion and domination of the West over the World) and known as Conquest, it is just a different and new stage in a millennial historical-social construction process. This context is important to understand Peruvian society and culture in the last half century.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Euclides da Cunha, an essential thinker of Brazil, demonstrated the great importance of the Pacific Ocean (PO) for Brazil. The importance of the OP only increased over time. Thus, Brazil and the MERCOSUR countries, which until now have favored their links with the Atlantic Ocean (OA), need better contacts and knowledge of the realities of the Andean-Amazonian countries: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. In today's globalized economy, the growth of the Pacific economy is essential for the world, which means that countries with coasts in the OP have relative advantages over those without.